The
Social Image of Marlboro
By Julia Vasiliauskas
Philip Morris
carved out their niche in consumer awareness very deeply. This is
evident because even people today, after huge cutbacks and prohibition
of cigarette advertising, are aware of what ‘Marlboro’ signifies.
From researching the progression of advertising and consumption for Marlboro,
I believe that Philip Morris was aware of the social
image of smoking once Marlboro became popular, and then capitalized
upon it. Their switch to a social focus in Marlboro advertising
is evident to me in the progression from a lone Tattooed (Marlboro) Man
campaign to a more social Marlboro Country. Yet, I also can identify
implicit affiliations between the men in the Tattooed Man campaign through
their tattoos.
Overall, the image of Marlboro has been one of independence, ruggedness,
strength, and adventure. Yet, it seems that the image of Marlboro
presents itself in a way that no one who smokes Marlboros is ever alone.
There is a sort of collective independence among those loyal to the brand.
This has been presented in the advertising as either an implicit feature,
as through the tattooed men, or explicitly through cowboys working together
in Marlboro Country, sharing work and Marlboro cigarettes.
The
Tattooed Man commercials from 1955 in the Smithsonian collection had one
man per commercial, each doing what I define as a masculine-
stereotyped
activity. Some examples are a cowboy, a mountain climber, a man
watching sports on TV, a fisherman, a man fixing a car, a man adjusting
a rifle, a high-diver, and a man chopping wood. These all seem to
be stereotypical male activities indicating strength, ruggedness, and
independence. All of these men were presented alone in each commercial.
Yet, in the
television and magazine advertising that consisted of this tattooed Marlboro
man, the tattoo is very much a connecting feature of the advertising campaign.
The tattoo is a recognizable feature of each man in this campaign, and
while independent from other men smoking other cigarettes,
he is part of a larger group of rugged Marlboro men. This is how
even in a seemingly solo image campaign, a social belonging seems implicitly
indicated in the brand.
The creation of the Marlboro Country campaign out of the cowboy image
seemed to be a natural progression to continue the image of the West and
display more of this Marlboro Man’s life. I do believe however,
that part of the change that occurred was a shift from individual focus,
to explicit social focus. Social sharing, collaboration, and leisure
is much more present in the Marlboro Country campaign. It is even
evident in the titles: Marlboro ‘Man’ indicates one; Marlboro ‘Country’
indicates many. Comparing
advertisments of the tattooed Marlboro men and Marlboro Country, it is
most notable that the cowboys in Marlboro Country are social creatures.
Even though the tattooed men spoke of friends and sharing Marlboros, the
cowboys of Marlboro Country are shown sharing work, meals, and cigarettes.
Many of the ads show more than one man in the picture. In "How Marlboro
Led the Pack," BATCo describes the social implications of the Marlboro
cowboy perfectly: “Although he comes across as a solitary figure,
he is also sociable, sharing the campfire with his fellow workmen” (1999:6).
After
people knew 'strong, rugged, independent' Marlboro as a popular brand,
the continuation of its advertising was simply to invite more people to
join the 'independence bandwagon'. At the end of every Marlboro
Country commercial, there is always the invitation: “Come to Marlboro
Country.” Philip Morris explicitly invited consumers to join the
Marlboro image. They knew that many men, women, youth, and foreign
countries had already joined, and so were capitalizing on their own
popularity. The range of Marlboro's popularity is discussed most
aptly by John Landry of Philip Morris, from the interview files of the
Smithsonian: "A hand resting on the pommel of a horse with a cigarette
was enough to recognize the brand".