Writing with Sources

List of Text Boxes

Preface

Acknowledgements

Common Questions about Sources

Introduction

1. Integrating Sources into a Paper

1.1 Three Basic Principles

1.2 Rules for Quoting

1.3 Quoting Blocks

1.4 Using Discursive Notes

2. Citing Sources

2.1 When to Cite

2.2 When Not to Cite

2.3 Methods of Citing

2.4 Acknowledging Uncited Sources

3. Misuse of Sources

3.1 Plagiarism

3.2 Other Ways of Misusing Sources

3.3 Disciplinary Consequences

3.4 How to Avoid High-Risk Situations

Appendix A Placing Citations in your Paper

1. Footnote or endnote style

2. In-text style for the humanities

3. In-text style for the social sciences and sciences

4. Coding style for the sciences

Appendix B Formatting References

1. Basic sources and variants

2. Other articles and short items

3. Other books

4. Other sources

Appendix C Further Information

Mentioning a Title in your Paper

Ellipsis

Quoting or Citing a Source you Found Quoted or Cited

Abbreviated Citation for Frequently Used Sources

Avoid All-But Quoting

If You Encounter "Your" Idea in a Source

Citing Electronic Media

This booklet is designed to be studied in your Expository Writing course and consulted as necessary when you write papers or do other assignments using sources. Some students will have been trained in writing with sources before coming to Harvard; others will have had little or no training. The booklet aims to help both groups. Without a grasp of the information it contains, you risk taking valuable time away from the creative process of writing a paper and in certain circumstances could face disciplinary action. Even if you believe you already understand when and how to cite sources, you should compare your understanding with the instructions that follow. Your Expository Writing instructor will sup-plement them with examples and exercises. Don't hesitate to ask about rules or situations that are unclear to you, since they may come up again in other classes or in the rumored life after Harvard.

Expository Writing gratefully acknowledges the support of the Otto C. Fuerbringer Fund in the development and production of this booklet. Thanks also to those who read drafts of the booklet or gave advice: Lawrence Buell, Elizabeth Doherty, Stephen Donatelli, John Dowling, Peter Ellison, Patrick Ford, David Gewanter, Michael Hagen, Dudley Hershbach, Mark Kishlansky Stephen Kosslyn, Susan Lewis, Harry Lewis, Abigail Lifson, Sue Lonoff, Garth McCavana, Barry Mazur, Greg Mobley, Gregory Nagy, Suzi Naiburg, Elizabeth Studley Nathans, J. D. Paul, Henriette Lazaridis Power, Sheila Reindl, William Rice, Ed Tallent, Nancy Sommers, Donald Stone, Janice Thaddeus, Mary Waters, James Wilkinson.