PhD, Chicago, 1995. International relations, conflict. Currently engaged in two research projects. The first extends the research in his first book on the causes of war termination and examines the role and incentives of leaders in international conflict initiation. The second explores when and why people become attached to specific pieces of territory which together constitute a "homeland" and the consequences of these attachments. His book War and Punishment was published by Princeton University Press (2000); other publications have appeared in the American Journal of Political Science and the Journal of Conflict Resolution. Teaches courses on international relations, with an emphasis on conflict, and international relations history.