{"id":21582,"date":"2025-08-20T21:29:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T01:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/college\/ugresearch\/jur\/?page_id=21582"},"modified":"2026-03-19T10:32:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:32:06","slug":"surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/college\/ugresearch\/jur\/surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer\/","title":{"rendered":"Surgical Anesthetic Potential of Injectable Cocktails Containing Acepromazine, Alfaxalone, Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, Midazolam, Telazol, and Xylazine with and without the Addition of BuprenorphineER in Mice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><b>Abstract<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Common anesthetics in the field of veterinary medicine have many well-known imperfections. These include popular choices, such as inhalant anesthetics and injectable xylazine and ketamine cocktails. However, less popular, alternative injectable anesthetic cocktails do not have as much data available concerning their effectiveness in reaching a surgical plane of anesthesia in laboratory mice. Therefore, during this study, the surgical anesthetic potential of four experimental injectable anesthetic cocktails and two control cocktails were observed in transgenic C57BL6, transgenic DBA, CD-1, Heterozygous Nude Nu\/J, and Agouti mice. The following cocktails used for this study were: Ket-Xyl + BupER, Ket-Dex +BupER, Tel-Dex +\/- BupER, Ket-Dex-Ace, Alfa-Dex +\/- BupER, and Alfa-Mid +\/- BupER. The cocktails with the most consistent results and most desirable trends in heart rate, SpO2, and respiratory rate for the duration of the surgical plane of anesthesia were Ket-Dex +BupER, Ket-Dex-Ace, and Alfa-Dex +BupER. However, Ket-Dex-Ace, had a very long duration of sedation even after reflexes were gained, so it is recommended for longer procedures\/surgeries. Ket-Xyl +BupER showed inconsistency in the mice reaching a surgical plane of anesthesia, Tel-Dex showed variable and dangerous vitals throughout the surgical plane of anesthesia, and Alfa-Mid +BupER showed variable vital trends and inconsistent lengths of a surgical plane of anesthesia. Thus, these cocktails are not recommended.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract Common anesthetics in the field of veterinary medicine have many well-known imperfections. These include popular choices, such as inhalant anesthetics and injectable xylazine and ketamine cocktails. However, less popular,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21582","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Surgical Anesthetic Potential of Injectable Cocktails Containing Acepromazine, Alfaxalone, Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, Midazolam, Telazol, and Xylazine with and without the Addition of BuprenorphineER in Mice - The Journal of Undergraduate Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/college\/ugresearch\/jur\/surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Surgical Anesthetic Potential of Injectable Cocktails Containing Acepromazine, Alfaxalone, Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, Midazolam, Telazol, and Xylazine with and without the Addition of BuprenorphineER in Mice - The Journal of Undergraduate Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract Common anesthetics in the field of veterinary medicine have many well-known imperfections. These include popular choices, such as inhalant anesthetics and injectable xylazine and ketamine cocktails. However, less popular,&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/college\/ugresearch\/jur\/surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Journal of Undergraduate Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-19T14:32:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/college\\\/ugresearch\\\/jur\\\/surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/college\\\/ugresearch\\\/jur\\\/surgical-anesthetic-potential-of-injectable-cocktails-containing-acepromazine-alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam-telazol-and-xylazine-with-and-without-the-addition-of-buprenorphineer\\\/\",\"name\":\"Surgical Anesthetic Potential of Injectable Cocktails Containing Acepromazine, Alfaxalone, Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, Midazolam, Telazol, and Xylazine with and without the Addition of BuprenorphineER in Mice - 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