In most editorial uses, lowercase the names of academic degrees, whether in full or as generic terms: bachelor of arts, bachelor of science; master of arts, master of science; doctor of philosophy; bachelor\u2019s, master\u2019s, doctorate, etc. The generic terms \u201cbachelor\u2019s degree\u201d and \u201cmaster\u2019s degree\u201d are always written with an apostrophe. The names of degrees can be capitalized in formal presentations.<\/p>\n
The abbreviations for degrees are written without periods: BA, MA, PhD, DMA, EdD, etc.<\/p>\n
In most University publications, the abbreviated title \u201cDr.\u201d should not be used to indicate a person\u2019s credentials in a field. Many style guides\u2014particularly guides intended for use by the news media\u2014recommend restricting the use of the abbreviation only to those who hold medical degrees, but in an institution such as the University, that can seem like an arbitrary limitation. On the other hand, using Dr. before the name of all who hold medical doctor degrees and doctorates is cumbersome for readers.<\/p>\n
University style recommends that in most instances, a person\u2019s credentials can and should be noted within the context of the publication, typically close to the first appearance of the person\u2019s name.<\/p>\n
Jennifer Johnson, a cardiothoracic surgeon at Strong Memorial Hospital, performed the procedure.<\/em> On subsequent references in most editorial contexts, people should be referred to by their surnames without an honorific title. (Phrases such as \u201cDr. Jones\u201d or \u201cProfessor Smith\u201d should be limited to material directly quoted from a speaker or from another source.)<\/p>\n When the listing of academic credentials with a person\u2019s name is standard practice (for example, in official bulletins of the University), the abbreviations for the credentials should be listed after the name and be set off by commas.<\/p>\n John Jones, PhD, Duke University<\/em> Plurals of academic degrees do not take an apostrophe.<\/p>\n BAs, BSs, PhDs<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In most editorial uses, lowercase the names of academic degrees, whether in full or as generic terms: bachelor of arts, bachelor of science; master of arts, master of science; doctor…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nArnold Smith, a professor of pediatrics, met the family in the child\u2019s room.<\/em>
\nCynthia Jones, who holds a doctorate in toxicology, read the results.<\/em>
\nDon James, a professor of physics, and his team are studying the origins of black holes.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nSarah Smith, MPhil, Cambridge University<\/em><\/p>\n