{"id":109052,"date":"2015-06-30T11:46:54","date_gmt":"2015-06-30T15:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=109052"},"modified":"2015-08-06T10:11:37","modified_gmt":"2015-08-06T14:11:37","slug":"collaboration-between-rochesters-laboratory-for-laser-energetics-and-sandia-national-laboratories-receives-funding-aimed-at-fusion-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/collaboration-between-rochesters-laboratory-for-laser-energetics-and-sandia-national-laboratories-receives-funding-aimed-at-fusion-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"Funding aimed at fusion energy awarded to Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Sandia National Laboratories collaboration"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Department of Energy\u2019s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) has announced a two-year, $3.8 million award for Sandia National Laboratories and the University of Rochester\u2019s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) to study the potential of combining two different technologies to further advance their research efforts to produce controlled fusion reactions. Nuclear fusion joins small atoms like hydrogen, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process.<\/p>\n

“The ARPA-E award will fund research that will benefit from the existing strong collaborative effort between Sandia National Laboratories and LLE,\u201d said Professor and LLE Director Robert L. McCrory. \u201cLLE, with its 60-beam OMEGA and 4-beam high-energy OMEGA-EP lasers, and Sandia, with the world\u2019s largest pulsed power machine, Z, provide unique capabilities to explore a range of fusion parameters previously unexplored.\u201d<\/p>\n

The collaboration will study fusion in a relatively unexplored intermediate density regime between the lower-than-air density of magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) that is studied at the ITER project in southern France, and the greater-than-solid density of laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.<\/p>\n

The award seeks to build upon recent successes of Sandia\u2019s Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) concept. Originally proposed in a 2010 Sandia theoretical paper, the concept uses a laser to heat fusion fuel contained in a small cylinder (called a liner) as it is compressed by the huge magnetic field of Sandia\u2019s massive Z accelerator<\/a>. A secondary magnetic field impedes energy from escaping from the ends of the cylinder, which would lower the temperature of the fuel and reduce the fusion output.<\/p>\n

\u201cCreating a high-output reaction in a MagLIF plasma at Z should demonstrate the promise of the broader field of research we call magneto-inertial fusion \u2014 a potentially inexpensive form of fusion,\u201d said project lead and Sandia manager Dan Sinars. \u201cWe hope that the results of our research will motivate more efforts in this area.\u201d<\/p>\n

The\u00a0LLE<\/a>\u2019s OMEGA laser, funded and operated as a national user facility with more diagnostics than Z\u2019s Beamlet laser, is expected to greatly speed the work.<\/p>\n

\u201cOMEGA can fire 12 times per day and can also provide better diagnostic access,” said Jonathan Davies, a research scientist and leader of the effort at LLE. “The ARPA-E project will bring together the resources of Sandia and LLE to work on the same project \u2014 the coupling of laser energy and fusion fuel \u2014 with completely different techniques.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThese experiments allow us to study MagLIF at a much smaller size and at a faster rate than on Z,\u201d said Davies. \u201cIf the small-scale MagLIF experiments are successful and accurately modeled, we will have demonstrated magneto-inertial fusion principles over a very broad range of energy, space and time scales.\u201d<\/p>\n

An advantage of laser heating is that ideas involving lasers can be tested on multiple facilities across the country, allowing a much larger number of tests per year than is possible on the unique Z facility.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt should easily be possible to do more than 200 laser experiments a year split among the Z-Beamlet, OMEGA and OMEGA-EP facilities, in contrast to the two dozen or so integrated MagLIF experiments a year realistically possible on Z,\u201d Sinars said.<\/p>\n

In addition, integrated experiments where some of OMEGA\u2019s lasers are used to actually compress the liner itself, as well as the heated and magnetized fusion fuel it contains, are also part of the ARPA-E program.<\/p>\n

“With this collaboration, we will apply our expertise to explore a new path in fusion research,” said Davies.<\/p>\n

The work will take place on several parallel tracks: performing scaled-down MagLIF experiments at the LLE Omega facility; improving performance of full-scale MagLIF experiments on Z through optimized laser pre-heating and improved axial magnetic field hardware; and validating simulations against experiments.<\/p>\n

Said Sinars, \u201cThe overall grant objective is to ultimately improve techniques to compress and heat intermediate-density, magnetized plasmas, as well as provide insights into relevant energy losses and instabilities.<\/p>\n

The combined heat and pressure, created by the laser preheating and liner imploding over a hundred or so nanoseconds, already have been shown to force fuel to fuse. What\u2019s wanted is a reaction that will force it to fuse more efficiently and, at the same time, allow researchers to learn more about important subsidiary processes.<\/p>\n

ARPA\u2019s bet, and Sandia\u2019s and Rochester\u2019s with it, is that a more efficient coupling of the laser energy to the fusion fuel would increase the number of neutrons produced, and that number is the gold standard in judging the efficiency of the fusion reaction.<\/p>\n

As it happens, scientists at the LLE over many years have developed techniques to \u201csmooth\u201d laser beams, a prerequisite for delivering more energy to fusion fuel.<\/p>\n

\u201cBy smoothing the beam,\u201d said Sinars, \u201cwe eliminate hot spots in the laser beam that waste laser energy and potentially alter the beam path of some of the light. This altered path can disintegrate portions of the liner or other surrounding material. Some of that material then may contaminate the fuel and increase radiation losses, causing the fuel temperature to collapse below that needed for fusion reactions to occur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Other laser experiments will include changing the beam\u2019s intensity, its distance to the liner\u2019s entry port, and the size of the liner hole through which the beam must pass. If the beam entrance hole is too small, not enough energy gets through to the target, but if too large, too much energy escapes.<\/p>\n

The process when optimized should allow fusion reactions to occur at 1 to 2 percent of the density and pressure required in traditional inertial confinement fusion, which has used either laser-created X-ray pulses or direct laser illumination to spherically compress a pea-sized capsule containing fusion fuel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The award seeks to build upon recent successes of Sandia\u2019s Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) concept. 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