{"id":205692,"date":"2016-12-16T09:26:45","date_gmt":"2016-12-16T14:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=205692"},"modified":"2017-04-19T08:08:57","modified_gmt":"2017-04-19T12:08:57","slug":"new-bird-species-discovered-205692","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\/","title":{"rendered":"New prehistoric bird species discovered"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_rQp7kyOxTg?rel=0\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>A team of geologists at the University of Rochester has discovered a new species of bird in the Canadian Arctic. At approximately 90 million years old, the bird fossils are among the oldest avian records found in the northernmost latitude, and offer further evidence of an intense warming event during the late Cretaceous period.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_206252\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-206252\" style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/largepics\/phanerozoicbay-bird.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-206252 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/bird-v2.jpg\" alt=\"painting of tooth-beaked bird catching a fish\" width=\"425\" height=\"340\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-206252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist\u2019s rendering of Tingmiatornis arctica (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe bird would have been a cross between a large seagull and a diving bird like a cormorant, but likely had teeth,\u201d says John Tarduno, professor and chair of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University and leader of the expedition.<\/p>\n<p>Tarduno and his team, which included both undergraduate and graduate students, named the bird <em>Tingmiatornis arctica<\/em>; \u201cTingmiat\u201d means \u201cthose that fly\u201d in the Inuktitut language spoken in the central and eastern Canadian Arctic (Nunavut territory).<\/p>\n<p>Their findings, published in <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, add to <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/news\/show.php?id=3311\">previous fossil records<\/a><\/strong> Tarduno uncovered from the same geological time period and location in <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/pr\/releases\/ear\/champ.htm\">previous expeditions<\/a><\/strong>. Taken together, these fossils paint a clearer picture of an ecosystem that would have existed in the Canadian Arctic during the Cretaceous period\u2019s Turonian age, which lasted from approximately 93.9 to 89.8 million years ago.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese fossils allow us to flesh out the community and add to our understanding of the community\u2019s composition and how it differed from other places in the world,\u201d says Donald Brinkman, vertebrate paleontologist and director of preservation and research at the Royal Tyrrell Museum in Alberta, Canada.<\/p>\n<p>Building historic climate records further helps scientists determine the effects of climate on various communities, ecosystems, and the distribution of species and could help predict the effects of future climatic events.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_205872\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-205872\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-205872 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/iceberg-bay.jpg\" alt=\"map showing location of expedition, in the arctic area of northern Canada\" width=\"1000\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/iceberg-bay.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/iceberg-bay-630x510.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/iceberg-bay-768x622.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-205872\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing the area in the Canadian arctic where the fossil was found. (Source: Google Earth; inset illustration by Richard Bono and Rory Cottrell)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_206172\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-206172\" style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/images\/2148_phanerozoicbay.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-206172\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2148_phanerozoicbay-473x630.jpg\" alt=\"An artist\u2019s rendering of the bird\u2019s possible environment 90 million years ago, characterized by volcanic activity, a freshwater bay, turtles, fish, and champsosaurs\" width=\"425\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2148_phanerozoicbay-473x630.jpg 473w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/2148_phanerozoicbay-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-206172\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist\u2019s conception of the bird\u2019s possible environment 90 million years ago, characterized by volcanic activity, a freshwater bay, turtles, fish, and champsosaurs. (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cBefore our fossil, people were suggesting that it was warm, but you still would have had seasonal ice,\u201d Tarduno says. \u201cWe\u2019re suggesting that\u2019s not even the case, and that it\u2019s one of these hyper-warm intervals because the bird\u2019s food sources and the whole part of the ecosystem could not have survived in ice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>From the fossil and sediment records, Tarduno and his team were able to conjecture that the bird\u2019s environment in the Canadian Arctic during the Turonian age would have been characterized by volcanic activity, a calm freshwater bay, temperatures comparable to those in northern Florida today, and creatures such as turtles, large freshwater fish, and champsosaurs\u2014now-extinct, crocodile-like reptiles.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe fossils tell us what that world could look like, a world without ice at the arctic,\u201d says Richard Bono, a PhD candidate in earth and environmental sciences at the University and a member of Tarduno\u2019s expedition. \u201cIt would have looked very different than today where you have tundra and fewer animals.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The<em> Tingmiatornis arctica<\/em> fossils were found above basalt lava fields, created from a series of volcanic eruptions. Scientists believe volcanoes pumped carbon dioxide into the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, causing a greenhouse effect and a period of extraordinary polar heat. This created an ecosystem allowing large birds, including <em>Tingmiatornis arctica<\/em>, to thrive.<\/p>\n<p>Tarduno\u2019s team unearthed three bird bones: part of the ulna and portions of the humerus, which, in birds, are located in the wings. From the bone features, as well as its thickness and proportions, the team\u2019s paleontologist, Julia Clarke of the University of Texas, was able to determine the evolutionary relationships of the new birds as well as characteristics that indicate whether it likely was able to fly or dive.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_206102\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-206102\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-206102 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_392110.jpg\" alt=\"bird fossil in rock\" width=\"1200\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_392110.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_392110-630x397.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_392110-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_392110-1024x646.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-206102\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tingmiatornis arctica bird fossil. (University of Rochester photo \/ John Tarduno)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThese birds are comparatively close cousins of all living birds and they comprise some of the oldest records of fossil birds from North America,\u201d Clarke says. \u201cDetails of the upper arm bones tell us about how features of the flightstroke seen in living species came to be.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Previous fossil discoveries indicate the presence of carnivorous fish such as the 0.3-0.6 meter-long bowfin. Birds feeding on these fish would need to be larger-sized and have teeth, offering additional clues to <em>Tingmiatornis arctica\u2019<\/em>s characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>Physiological factors, such as a rapid growth and maturation rate, might explain how this line of bird was able to survive the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event that occurred approximately 66 million years ago and eliminated approximately three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth.<\/p>\n<p>These physiological characteristics are still conjecture, Tarduno emphasizes, but he says the bird\u2019s environment gives clear indications as to why the bird fossils were found in this location.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s there because everything is right,\u201d Tarduno says. \u201cThe food supply was there, there was a freshwater environment, and the climate became so warm that all of the background ecological factors were established to make it a great place.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This work was funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_205862\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-205862\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-205862 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/field_lecture1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"people taking notes near yellow tents on a barren campground\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/field_lecture1-copy.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/field_lecture1-copy-630x473.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/field_lecture1-copy-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/field_lecture1-copy-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-205862\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Tarduno and students at the expedition camp. (University of Rochester photo \/ Richard Bono)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A team of Rochester geologists has discovered a new species of bird in the Canadian Arctic. At approximately 90 million years old, the bird fossils are among the oldest avian records found in the northernmost latitude. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":912,"featured_media":205842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[21782,18852,20262,29502,2056,27132,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-205692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-climate-change","tag-department-of-earth-and-environmental-sciences","tag-environment","tag-featured-post-side","tag-john-tarduno","tag-natural-sciences","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New prehistoric bird species discovered<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New prehistoric bird species discovered\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A team of Rochester geologists has discovered a new species of bird in the Canadian Arctic. At approximately 90 million years old, the bird fossils are among the oldest avian records found in the northernmost latitude.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-12-16T14:26:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-19T12:08:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/bird.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lindsey Valich\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827\"},\"headline\":\"New prehistoric bird species discovered\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-16T14:26:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-19T12:08:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":902,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/new-bird-species-discovered-205692\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/12\\\/bird.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"climate change\",\"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences\",\"environment\",\"featured-post-side\",\"John Tarduno\",\"Natural Sciences\",\"research finding\",\"School of Arts and Sciences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science &amp; 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