{"id":229742,"date":"2017-03-29T14:00:12","date_gmt":"2017-03-29T18:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=229742"},"modified":"2017-04-18T17:09:39","modified_gmt":"2017-04-18T21:09:39","slug":"unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742\/","title":{"rendered":"Library acquires unknown Susan B. Anthony letters found in old barn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The picture most people know of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and the women\u2019s suffrage movement in America is one painted in broad strokes and grand designs. Beyond the vision, grit, and heroism, however, the workaday details of how the movement was actually run\u2014the backroom negotiations, convention planning, grassroots organizing\u2014are largely unknown to history.<\/p>\n<p>Until now.<\/p>\n<p>A recently discovered trove of letters, speeches, petitions, photographs, and pamphlets\u2014forgotten for a century in attics, barns, and on porches\u2014now opens a window onto the quotidian details of that historic movement. Originally owned by suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker, the collection includes dozens of letters from fellow movement leaders Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The collection has now found a new home in the\u00a0University of Rochester&#8217;s <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.library.rochester.edu\/rbscp\">Department of Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation <\/a><\/strong>(RBSCP).<\/p>\n<p>Part of a notable family of reformers, Hooker was the daughter of the Reverend Lyman Beecher and a half-sister of social reformer and abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher, educator Catharine Beecher, and novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/95shBrRdtTE\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Written between 1869 and 1880 by suffragist luminaries to Hooker, the collection is staggering not just for its content but also its size, numbering more than a hundred letters and artifacts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s an incredibly critical period in this movement,\u201d says Lori Birrell, special collections librarian for historical manuscripts at the RBSCP.<\/p>\n<p>With the 14th Amendment just passed, newly enshrining a host of citizenship rights, and the debate raging over granting black men the right to vote, the time was \u201cvery contentious,\u201d adds Birrell, who helped organize the collection\u2019s purchase on behalf of the University. At this juncture, the suffragists saw their chances of being included in the 15th Amendment quickly slipping away, a fear vividly present in their correspondence.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_229842\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-229842\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-229842\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters2.jpg\" alt=\"Isabella Beecher Hooker\" width=\"400\" height=\"613\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-229842\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isabella Beecher Hooker (University photo \/ Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Reading Anthony\u2019s missives makes clear that she considered Hooker her confidante and friend. Hooker had become a central mediator among many strong personalities who, at times, were fiercely at odds with each other over how best to proceed. The letters reveal the lines of engagement and opposition, mapping the nuances of the suffrage movement\u2019s internal politics.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSomething that I\u2019ve been really struck by is just how exhausting it must have been to try to keep going for this long,\u201d says Birrell. \u201cYou get to this period in the 1870s and they\u2019ve tried everything\u2014state, national, they tried voting and then got arrested for it in 1872. They\u2019ve tried all of these things and they just kept at it. To read that year after year after year in these letters is simply amazing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Adds University\u2019s assistant dean Jessica Lacher-Feldman, who is also the Joseph N. Lambert and Harold B. Schleifer Director of RBSCP: \u201cThese materials will shed new light on the relationships between important players in the suffrage movement during its most critical period.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The story of their discovery sounds straight out of PBS\u2019s <em>Antiques Roadshow<\/em>. George and Libbie Merrow were cleaning out their Bloomfield, Connecticut, home last year when they came across an open wooden crate among family detritus and some antiques.<\/p>\n<p>It sat \u201cjust mixed in with old magazines, old funny tools, all sorts of things,\u201d Libbie Merrow recalls.<\/p>\n<p>Inside the roughly two-foot-by-one-and-a-half-foot box, they found stacks of letters, newspaper clippings, and photographs, all sprinkled liberally with mouse droppings. Dusty and probably undisturbed for decades, the small crate had survived two prior moves over the span of about 70 years, having been passed down through the Merrow family twice.<\/p>\n<p>In 1895, George Merrow\u2019s grandfather, also named George, purchased the former Beecher Hooker house at 34 Forest Street in Hartford, Connecticut. Evidently, the Hookers had left their personal papers behind in the attic when the big, elegant home they had built for themselves became too costly, forcing them to sell it. The new owners, just like their famous predecessors, stored their family\u2019s personal and business papers in the attic. After the elder Merrow died in 1943, the papers moved with his son Paul Gurley Merrow to his farm in Mansfield, Connecticut. When Paul died in 1973, his nephew\u2014Libbie\u2019s husband, George\u2014inherited the property.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"embed-container\" style=\"text-align: center; padding-bottom: 12%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; border: none;\" src=\"\/\/html5-player.libsyn.com\/embed\/episode\/id\/5185646\/height\/90\/width\/640\/theme\/custom\/autonext\/no\/thumbnail\/yes\/autoplay\/no\/preload\/no\/no_addthis\/no\/direction\/backward\/render-playlist\/no\/custom-color\/87A93A\/\" width=\"640\" height=\"90\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: 9pt;\">LISTEN TO THE QUADCAST PODCAST: Ever wonder how leaders of the American women\u2019s suffrage movement drummed up support for their cause? How they sweated the smallest details of their petitions? A recently discovered treasure trove of letters, speeches, photographs, and pamphlets \u2013 owned originally by suffragist Isabella Beecher Hooker (1822-1907) \u2013 and forgotten for a century in attics and barns across Connecticut, now provides a direct window onto the inner mechanics of that historic movement.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>In 2010, the couple sold the last of the buildings\u2014the big barn. As part of the deal, the new owner had given the Merrows five years to clean out its contents. Stuffed to the brim with old furniture, tools, two boats, wagons, farm equipment, books and magazines, the barn unwittingly had played a natural hiding spot to the Beecher Hooker papers.<\/p>\n<p>That is until the five-year grace period was up and the family began to clean out in earnest. Having climbed through a broken window into a small side room of the barn in order to open the door that was stuck shut, they discovered a wooden crate with wedding invitations to the marriage of the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Hooker. Nothing clicked. Nevertheless, the Merrows decided to keep the box.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t think that we attached anywhere near the significance to that collection at that time,\u201d says George Merrow, \u201cBut we had so many things show up that might be of interest, that we didn\u2019t throw it away at that time.\u201d A family of \u201cpack rats,\u201d is how Libbie Merrow describes the habit of \u201cnever throwing away anything that could be kept.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_230122\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-230122\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"lightbox-image\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2.jpg\" data-effect=\"fadeIn\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-230122\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-230122\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cI can\u2019t tell you how thrilling it was to hold a letter that she had held more than a hundred years before,\u201d recalls manuscript dealer Adrienne Horowitz Kitts when she discovered the first letter signed \u201cSusan B. Anthony.\u201d <em>(University photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Merrows took the musty crate to their home in Bloomfield where they left it for about a year on their porch, only covered by a tarp. When the couple got ready to sell their own home in 2016, they finally brought it into their kitchen for closer inspection. At this point, they had reached out to rare book and manuscript dealers Bob Seymour and Adrienne Horowitz Kitts, with whom they had worked in the past. The dealers painstakingly dusted, researched, and organized the jumbled contents over the span of months.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI can\u2019t tell you how thrilling it was to hold a letter that she had held more than a hundred years before,\u201d recalls Kitts when she discovered the first letter signed \u201cSusan B. Anthony.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Libbie Merrow says she was pleased when Kitts told her what she had found. \u201cThey called up and said: \u2018We have pretty exciting papers here.\u2019 As they went along, they realized it was more and more exciting. It wasn\u2019t just one phone call\u2014it was several phone calls.\u201d Adds George: \u201cWe didn\u2019t jump up and down exactly, but it was pretty exciting to hear what they felt the value was.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once they finished cataloging, the dealers offered the trove on behalf of their clients to the University of Rochester for purchase. They chose Rochester because of its already existing holdings of <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rbscp.lib.rochester.edu\/3227\">John and Isabella Beecher Hooker papers<\/a><\/strong>, as well as its <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rbscp.lib.rochester.edu\/susan-b-anthony\/\">Susan B. Anthony collection<\/a><\/strong>, one of the largest in the country. The University, geographically located smack-dab in the middle of the 19th-century hotbed of social reform movements, today also boasts papers of what Birrell calls the \u201csupporting cast\u201d\u2014like local activists Isaac and Amy Post, the Porter family, and other Rochesterians who were part of micro-movements with national implications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pullquote\">\n<h2>\u201cMust not fail to be there&#8230;\u201d<\/h2>\n<p><a style=\"font-weight: normal;\" href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/urochester\/jessica-reads-anthony-letters-edited\/s-3EOGY\">LISTEN: Jessica Lacher-Feldman reads from letter dated March 19, 1873, from Susan B. Anthony to Isabella Beecher Hooker<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The purchase was made with funds from <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.library.rochester.edu\/friends\/about\">Friends of the University of Rochester Libraries<\/a><\/strong>, a gift from retired manuscripts librarian and former assistant director of Rare Books and Special Collections, Mary Huth, and a substantial anonymous gift, augmenting the existing University\u2019s special collections acquisition fund.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAcquisitions like this are so important,\u201d says Mary Ann Mavrinac,\u00a0the Andrew H. and Janet Dayton Neilly Dean of Libraries. \u201cThey add to our already rich resources, draw researchers, and provide the basis for teaching\u2014which students love as they are working with original manuscripts on topics that speak to them. It\u2019s exciting to hear the voices of these intellectual women come alive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, unlike other Anthony letters already in the University\u2019s holdings, this collection is thoroughly political\u2014rarely personal. The letters show the methods and machinations of (mostly) women bent on changing the status quo that heretofore had relegated them to steerage.<\/p>\n<p>At times, they betray Anthony\u2019s frustration over chronic funding problems, and with women who left the movement for marriage and children. At their rawest, they show her indignation at the general apathy for the cause of equality.<\/p>\n<p>In a letter to Hooker, dated March 19, 1873, Anthony\u2019s impatience is palpable. She tells Hooker of her planning for the suffragists\u2019 regular May meeting in New York City. Writing stream of consciousness to her trusted friend, Anthony admonishes Hooker to show up:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut you must not fail to be there\u2014for we must make the Welkin ring anew with our War cry for freedom\u2014&amp; our constitutional right to protect it by the ballot\u2014I hear nothing from nobody\u2014All I can do is to run &amp; jump to accomplish the half I see waiting before me\u2014\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Later in the letter, Anthony mentions her impending trial for voting illegally the previous November in Rochester\u2014where she is now speaking to potential jurors.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am now fairly into my Monroe County canvass\u2014speaking every night\u2014You [know] a Criminal cannot plead his own case before the Jury\u2014so I am bound to plead it before the whole of Monroe County\u2014from which the twelve must be selected\u2014\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Anthony had been so convincing in her public addresses that the prosecutor eventually decided to move the trial to Canandaigua, in neighboring Ontario County. Without delay, Anthony set out on a lecture tour through this county, too.<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, she was found guilty and ordered to pay $100, plus the costs of the prosecution.<\/p>\n<p>While Anthony never paid the fine, the publicity from the trial proved a windfall to the cause. The frequent laments of the suffragists for what was lost by excluding women from public discourse began to sound a newly auspicious note.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_230332\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-230332\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"lightbox-image\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3.jpg\" data-effect=\"fadeIn\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-230332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"handwritten letter\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/beecher-hooker-letters-large3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-230332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letter from Susan B. Anthony to Isabella Beecher Hooker, April 9, 1874. Anthony concludes this letter by reflecting about the possible work women could do for the poor, criminal and insane if they had power through the ballot. She writes: &#8220;now wouldn&#8217;t it be splendid for us to be free &amp; equal citizens- with the power of the ballot to back our hearts, heads &amp; hands- and we could just go into all the movements to better the conditions of the poor, the insane, the criminal- wouldn&#8217;t we be happy mortals than to work with power too &#8211; I can hardly wait- the good fates though are working together to bring us into this freedom &amp; that rapidly-&#8221; <em>(University photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cNow wouldn&#8217;t it be splendid for us to be free &amp; equal citizens\u2014with the power of the ballot to back our hearts, heads &amp; hands\u2014and we could just go into all the movements to better the conditions of the poor, the insane, the criminal\u2014Wouldn&#8217;t we be happy mortals thus to work with power too,\u201d Anthony mused to Hooker in a letter dated April 9, 1874. \u201cI can hardly wait\u2014The good fates though are working together to bring us into this freedom &amp; that rapidly\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Alas, not rapidly enough. Anthony died 14 years before Congress ratified the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women finally the national right to vote. Anthony\u2019s home state, New York, had done so three years earlier.<\/p>\n<p>To date, only one scholar has seen the newly discovered collection. Ann Gordon, research professor emerita of history at Rutgers University, traveled to Rochester in mid-February.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWow,\u201d recalls the noted suffrage movement expert. \u201cIt\u2019s quite an amazing collection.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Gordon, the papers will change prevailing scholarship on Beecher Hooker and her brief tenure in leading the suffrage movement, filling in knowledge gaps: \u201cThose few years nobody has paid attention to. We may be able to see what she tried, what techniques she used, what her arguments were, what obstacles she ran into \u2014all those ways that one looks at a political movement and that just aren\u2019t in the story at the moment\u2014and I think we can put them in now,\u201d says the author of the six-volume compilation <em>Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony<\/em> (Rutgers University Press). \u201cHer work is better documented in this collection and it will change how we assess her importance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gordon will not remain for long the only one with access. The collection is now described online and available for research; in the coming months it will be digitized.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople sometimes think special collections are things hidden away under lock and key. But that\u2019s not what a special collections department in an academic library is like,\u201d says curator Birrell. \u201cThese collections are to be used, physically handled, and turned into scholarship. We want scholars to come, and, hopefully be as excited as we are about this stunning discovery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Collections on this scale are rare, says Gordon. \u201cAn individual letter may surface at auction or at a dealer, but we don\u2019t often find a collection of this size. It\u2019s a real treat.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forgotten for over a century, a recently discovered trove of more than a hundred letters fills in the political details of how the suffrage movement was run and the women activists who ran it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":942,"featured_media":229792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[456],"tags":[22722,29502,326,4276,17222],"class_list":["post-229742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society-culture","tag-rare-books-special-collections-and-preservation","tag-featured-post-side","tag-river-campus-libraries","tag-susan-b-anthony","tag-womens-rights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Library acquires unknown Susan B. Anthony letters found in old barn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Library acquires unknown Susan B. Anthony letters found in old barn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Forgotten for over a century, a recently discovered trove of more than a hundred letters fills in the political details of how the suffrage movement was run and the women activists who ran it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-29T18:00:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-18T21:09:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fea-beecher-hooker-letters.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sandra Knispel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sandra Knispel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/unknown-letters-of-suffragists-susan-b-anthony-isabella-beecher-hooker-surface-in-connecticut-barn-229742\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sandra Knispel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/48a5dd20d1ade85ff52a0babb9a550a5\"},\"headline\":\"Library acquires unknown Susan B. 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