{"id":304252,"date":"2018-03-15T16:57:06","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T20:57:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=304252"},"modified":"2018-03-20T14:17:35","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T18:17:35","slug":"microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\/","title":{"rendered":"New computing device would let microprocessors go \u2018all out\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine if Olympic skiers were forced to go down a slope on only one ski. Their ability to go \u201call out\u201d would be severely hampered.<\/p>\n<p>Something very similar happens with the microprocessors that control everything from our computers and cell phones to digital microwave ovens.<\/p>\n<p>While state-of-the-art microprocessors contain billions of nanosized devices, they can use only a fraction of their capacity because of the \u201cDark Silicon phenomenon.\u201d Simply put, a large percentage of the circuitry can\u2019t be effectively turned on because heat generated due to high power dissipation would permanently damage the processor.<\/p>\n<p>Contributing to this problem is the \u201cVon Neumann\u201d architecture used for most computing systems. The processing cores have to communicate frequently with memory units located in separate pieces of hardware. This not only limits processing speed, but also drastically increases the power dissipation that leads to overheating.<\/p>\n<p>A University of Rochester researcher has now proposed an entirely new concept to overcome this problem, and let microprocessors go \u201call out.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-14783-1?WT.feed_name=subjects_scientific-community-and-society\">In a paper in <em>Scientific Reports &#8211; Nature<\/em><\/a>, Mohammad Kazemi, a PhD student in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/ece\/\">electrical and computer engineering<\/a>, describes an electrically reconfigurable logic gate that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Combines processing and memory functions in individual magnetic nanodevices, instead of separating the functions between different pieces of hardware.<\/li>\n<li>Draws on the spin of electrons, in addition to their electrical charge, for processing.<\/li>\n<li>Uses bounded switching to reconfigure the gate for different logic operations. Reconfigurability is achieved by simply changing the amplitude of electrical pulse applied to the gate, also without the need for additional hardware in the gate.<\/li>\n<li>Combines all of this in a physical \u201cfootprint\u201d 10 times smaller than other \u201cstate-of-the-art\u201d logic gates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cThis has significant potential for enhancing the performance of microprocessors by orders of magnitude,\u201d says Kazemi, who is a member of professor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/ece\/people\/faculty\/bocko_mark\/\">Mark Bocko\u2019s research team<\/a>. \u201cYou can use 10 times as many logic gates, and because the power dissipation is small, you can use all of them simultaneously at a high frequency, without having to worry about the Dark Silicon phenomenon.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_305562\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-305562\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-305562\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vonNeumann-architecture.jpg\" alt=\"illustration labeled  von Neumann architecture shows heat escaping\" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vonNeumann-architecture.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vonNeumann-architecture-630x472.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vonNeumann-architecture-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vonNeumann-architecture-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-305562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In traditional von Neumann computer architecture, the processing cores are housed separately from memory, requiring communication back and forth that dissipates energy and causes overheating. (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_305552\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-305552\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-305552 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/clock-pulse-logic-gate.jpg\" alt=\"artist illustration labeled PROPOSED SPIN-ORBIT LOGIC GATE\" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/clock-pulse-logic-gate.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/clock-pulse-logic-gate-630x472.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/clock-pulse-logic-gate-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/clock-pulse-logic-gate-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-305552\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doctoral student Mohammad Kazemi&#8217;s spin-orbit logic gate combines processing and memory functions in individual magnetic nanodevices, instead of separating the functions between different pieces of hardware. (University illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>By providing faster, more energy-efficient computational capabilities, the device will better meet the needs of emerging data processing and learning applications, Kazemi says.<\/p>\n<p>The new device could be especially beneficial, for example, in data intensive applications such as deep learning and bioinformatics \u201cwhere data exchange between the storage and processing units is a primary source of energy dissipation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kazemi is now following up on possible avenues for fabricating the new device. In the meantime, access to the University\u2019s BlueHive supercomputer has allowed him to simulate the effects of temperature and other parameters, using conceptual designs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cConsidering the mutual effects of magnetic, electrical, and thermal parameters in our numerical analysis, the results that we are getting are very close to those that would be produced by experiments with an actual device,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researcher Mohammad Kazemi has proposed an entirely new concept for computer architecture to overcome the problems of heat transfer inherent in traditional microprocessors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286,"featured_media":305542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[19382,18632,18572],"class_list":["post-304252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-electrical-and-computer-engineering","tag-hajim-school-of-engineering-and-applied-sciences","tag-research-finding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New computing device would let microprocessors go \u2018all out\u2019<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New computing device would let microprocessors go \u2018all out\u2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researcher Mohammad Kazemi has proposed an entirely new concept for computer architecture to overcome the problems of heat transfer inherent in traditional microprocessors.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-15T20:57:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-20T18:17:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/fea-clock-pulse-architecture.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bob Marcotte\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bob Marcotte\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bob Marcotte\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e0d8d271cd290d592461fa9cefca013b\"},\"headline\":\"New computing device would let microprocessors go \u2018all out\u2019\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-15T20:57:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-20T18:17:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":555,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/microprocessors-computing-architecture-304252\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/fea-clock-pulse-architecture.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering\",\"Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences\",\"research finding\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science &amp; 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