{"id":399202,"date":"2019-10-02T13:04:12","date_gmt":"2019-10-02T17:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=399202"},"modified":"2019-10-15T16:21:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-15T20:21:46","slug":"karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\/","title":{"rendered":"Making a study of adapting to change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When Karl Rosengren\u2019s oldest daughter was a toddler, he and his wife\u2014Rochester\u2019s new president, <a href=\"\/\/www.rochester.edu\/president\/\">Sarah C. Mangelsdorf<\/a>\u2014observed her attempting to get into a doll-sized toy car that was no bigger than her foot.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSarah and I just cracked up laughing, seeing our daughter trying to fit into this tiny toy,\u201d Rosengren remembers.<\/p>\n<p>But then he got to thinking: why would a child try to perform what, to an adult, was an obviously impossible task?<\/p>\n<p>Since then, Rosengren, who joined the <a href=\"\/\/www.rochester.edu\/\">University of Rochester<\/a> faculty this year as a professor of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/bcs\/\">brain and cognitive sciences<\/a> and of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/psy\/\">psychology<\/a>, has conducted multiple studies on children attempting to perform impossible actions on miniature objects, a phenomenon known as scale error.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe find that just about every child performs at least one of these scale errors between ages 13 and 24 months, and some children perform them a lot,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cThis suggests children need to learn through trial and error and act on their environment to figure out what they can and can\u2019t do.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Studying scale errors is just one aspect of Rosengren\u2019s research, which falls under the umbrella of change: how children think and reason about changes in the world around them and how they develop cognitive and motor skills to adapt to changes.<\/p>\n<p>Rosengren and Mangelsdorf have themselves dealt with big changes lately: over the summer they moved from Wisconsin to Rochester, and Rosengren has been busy establishing a new lab on campus to study child development, or, as he puts it, \u201ccognition in action.\u201d The lab will be housed in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/bcs\/\">Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences<\/a>, although Rosengren has joint appointments in both brain and cognitive sciences and psychology. Previously, he served as a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin, Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois.<\/p>\n<p>Most of his current projects involve studying cognition and motor skills in preschool- to late-elementary school-aged children, and he says the city of Rochester offers many opportunities for local collaborations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m excited to develop relationships with the Museum of Play, the Science Museum, and the <a href=\"\/\/mag.rochester.edu\/\">MAG [Memorial Art Gallery]<\/a>,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cThose kinds of facilities here offer a lot of potential for interesting child development projects.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>UNDERSTANDING SCALE ERRORS<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In terms of scale errors, one of the things Rosengren is interested in is \u201clooking at children who perform a lot of scale errors: are they somehow different and are they different in a meaningful way?\u201d Rosengren asks.<\/p>\n<p>If a child between the ages of 1 and 2 has climbed into and driven a child-sized red car, he found, she will also most likely try to do the same with a much smaller version of the toy.<\/p>\n<p><video id=\"sampleMovie\" preload=\"\" controls=\"controls\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"><source src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/scale-error-sample.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4; codecs=&quot;avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2&quot;\" \/><source src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/scale-error-sample.ogv\" type=\"video\/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;\" \/><source src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/scale-error-sample.webm\" type=\"video\/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;\" \/><\/video><\/p>\n<p><em>Scale error in action. (University of Illinois video \/ Karl Rosengren)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rosengren says that\u2019s because when a child sees an object like a smaller car, a motor plan is activated in her brain. The motor plan is linked to the series of actions she has performed with the larger car. Young children\u2019s brains don\u2019t process the size of the car, so they aren\u2019t inhibited in performing the action. Adult brains produce similar motor plans, but because they are also able to recognize an object\u2019s size, their motor plans are inhibited, and they don\u2019t try to get into the smaller car.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s possible that performing many repeated scale errors could be some sort of early detection of children prone to inhibitory control issues,\u201d Rosengren says. But he adds that there is still more work to be done to determine if this might lead to early prevention therapies.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>MAGIC AND DEATH<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Rosengren grew up in suburban New Jersey and received his PhD in developmental and child psychology from the University of Minnesota. As a research psychologist, he became interested in learning how, from an academic perspective, children perceive magic and fantasy. He also became interested in how they understood aging and death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThings like metamorphosis are really hard for children to understand. One of the things I\u2019m studying is why this is so difficult,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cPreschool-age children sometimes appear to treat dramatic changes such as metamorphosis as optional or magical.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Rosengren enjoyed reading the <em>Harry Potter<\/em> series of books to his and Mangelsdorf\u2019s two daughters, Emily and Julia, when they were younger. When their oldest daughter Emily was in high school, he co-authored with her an article about how children\u2019s beliefs about magic differ from what\u2019s depicted in the Harry Potter story. The article appeared in the book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Psychology-Harry-Potter-Unauthorized-Examination\/dp\/1932100881\"><em>The Psychology of Harry Potter<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>For the past 15 years, Rosengren has studied how children understand and talk about death and how parents influence this understanding. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26955930\">In a recent paper published in the journal <em>Child Development<\/em>,<\/a> he and his colleagues reported findings from a study of families in Puebla, Mexico. The research involved attending three annual Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos) celebrations and interviewing Mexican families in Puebla about their concept of death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe culture is very open about death\u2014talking about it and making a celebration of it,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cIt makes children understand death differently.\u201d The researchers determined that overall, children growing up in Puebla were more accepting of death and responded less negatively to death than children in European-American cultures.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers have found that children in the United States, beginning around age 3, \u00a0start asking questions about death and, around age 6, recognize that biological and psychological processes cease after death. However, \u201cin this culture we generally don\u2019t like to talk about illness, death, and sex,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cThe taboo on those topics makes it difficult for children to come to an understanding.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yet his research has shown that children are more competent at understanding and coping with death than most parents and teachers might think.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPart of my goal is to get parents to be more open in talking with their children about death and what they believe happens after death,\u201d Rosengren says. \u201cMr. Rogers was actually really good at this. He was really honest with children and his notion was that we should talk to children about difficult topics.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>A NEW ROLE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>With many different projects in the works, Rosengren is adjusting to his role as both University of Rochester researcher and husband of a university president.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeing the spouse of a university president is a bigger job than I had imagined,\u201d he says. \u201cI get to see the University in ways most faculty don\u2019t. This is an exciting opportunity for my wife and I\u2019m excited to see what she\u2019s able to do here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Plus, he says, he is excited to take in all the University has to offer, including concerts at the Eastman Theatre. \u201cAt the University of Wisconsin, we got to sit in box seats at the football games. Here, we get box seats at Eastman.\u201d And, he laughs, as a music lover, \u201cI would rather have the box seats at Eastman.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karl Rosengren joined the University faculty this summer, with a research focus on how children think and reason about changes in the world around them. In the process, he&#8217;s adapting to change himself, as the spouse of the University&#8217;s new president, Sarah C. Mangelsdorf. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":912,"featured_media":399212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[18672,37112,16072],"class_list":["post-399202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-brain-and-cognitive-sciences","tag-faculty","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Making a study of adapting to change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Karl Rosengren joined the University faculty this summer, with a research focus on how children think and reason about changes in the world around them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Making a study of adapting to change\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Karl Rosengren joined the University faculty this summer, with a research focus on how children think and reason about changes in the world around them.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-02T17:04:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-15T20:21:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/fea-Karl-Rosengren.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"610\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lindsey Valich\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827\"},\"headline\":\"Making a study of adapting to change\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-02T17:04:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-10-15T20:21:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1166,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/karl-rosengren-making-a-study-of-adapting-to-change-399202\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/10\\\/fea-Karl-Rosengren.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences\",\"faculty\",\"School of Arts and Sciences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science &amp; 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