{"id":406272,"date":"2019-11-06T14:04:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T19:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=406272"},"modified":"2025-11-19T12:20:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T17:20:40","slug":"superhydrophobic-metal-wont-sink-406272","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/superhydrophobic-metal-wont-sink-406272\/","title":{"rendered":"Superhydrophobic metal that won\u2019t sink"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/\">University of Rochester<\/a> researchers, inspired by diving bell spiders and rafts of fire ants, have created a metallic structure that is so water repellent, or superhydrophobic, it refuses to sink\u2014no matter how often it is forced into water or how much it is damaged or punctured.<\/p>\n<p>Could this lead to an unsinkable boat? A wearable flotation device that will still float after being punctured? Electronic monitoring devices that can survive in long term in the ocean?<\/p>\n<p>All of the above, says <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/optics\/people\/faculty\/guo_chunlei\/\">Chunlei Guo<\/a>, professor of optics and physics, whose lab describes the structure in <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.9b15540\"><em>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The structure uses a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/superhydrophobic-metals-85592\/\">groundbreaking technique<\/a> the lab developed for using femtosecond bursts of lasers to \u201cetch\u201d the surfaces of metals with intricate micro- and nanoscale patterns that trap air and make the surfaces superhydrophobic.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yjV76JgUF8w\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found, however, that after being immersed in water for long periods of time, the surfaces may start to lose their hydrophobic properties.<\/p>\n<p>Enter the spiders and fire ants, which can survive long periods under or on the surface of water. How? By trapping air in an enclosed area. <em>Argyroneta aquatic<\/em> spiders, for example, create an underwater dome-shaped web\u2014a so-called diving bell\u2014 that they fill with air carried from the surface between their super-hydrophobic legs and abdomens. Similarly, fire ants can form a raft by trapping air among their superhydrophobic bodies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat was a very interesting inspiration,\u201d Guo says. As the researchers note in the paper: \u201cThe key insight is that multifaceted superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces can trap a large air volume, which points towards the possibility of using SH surfaces to create buoyant devices.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Guo\u2019s lab created a structure in which the treated surfaces on two parallel aluminum plates face inward, not outward, so they are enclosed and free from external wear and abrasion. The surfaces are separated by just the right distance to trap and hold enough air to keep the structure floating\u2014in essence creating a waterproof compartment. <span id=\"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION\">The superhydrophobic surfaces will keep water from entering the compartment even when the structure is forced to submerge in water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Even after being forced to submerge for two months, the structures immediately bounced back to the surface after the load was released, Guo says. The structures also retained this ability even after being punctured multiple times, because air remains trapped in remaining parts of the compartment or adjoining structures.<\/p>\n<p>Though the team used aluminum for this project, the \u201cetching process \u201ccould be used for literally any metals, or other materials,\u201d Guo says.<\/p>\n<p>When the Guo lab first demonstrated the etching technique, it took an hour to pattern a one-inch-by-one-inch area of surface. Now, by using lasers seven times as powerful, and faster scanning, the lab has speeded up the process, making it more feasible for scaling up for commercial applications.<\/p>\n<p>Coauthors include lead author Zhibing Zhan, Mohamed ElKabbash, Jihua Zhang, and Subhash Singh, all PhD candidates or postdoctoral fellows in Guo\u2019s lab, and Jinluo Cheng, associate professor at the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China.<\/p>\n<p>The project was supported by funding from the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, the US Army Research Office, and National Science Foundation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_406542\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406542\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-406542 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"superhydrophobic metallic discs sitting on the surface of a beaker of water.\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-406542\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Superhydrophobic metallic structure floats on the water surface in the Guo Lab.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_406482\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406482\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-406482 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-2.jpg\" alt=\"two metal discs submerged in water, one superhydrophobic disc weighted down by a metal washer and nut\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-406482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Superhydrophobic metallic structure is weighed down to keep it submerged in water in the Guo Lab. Even after two months, it will bounce back to the surface.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_406492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406492\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-406492 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-3.jpg\" alt=\"a measuring device submerged in water measures the distance between two thin discs of superhydrophobic metal.\" width=\"450\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-3.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-3-420x630.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-406492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Experimental setup used to determine just the right distance between the treated plates to trap and hold enough air to keep the structure floating.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_406512\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-406512\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-406512 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-4.jpg\" alt=\"a superhydrophobic metallic disc punctured with multiple holes.\" width=\"450\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-4.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/superhydrophobic-metal-unsinkable-4-420x630.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-406512\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The superhydrophobic structure remains afloat even after significant structural damage\u2014punctured with six 3-millimeter diameter holes and one 6-millimeter hole.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inspired by diving bell spiders and rafts of fire ants, Rochester researchers have created a metallic structure that is so water repellent, it refuses to sink\u2014no matter how often it is forced into water or how much it is damaged.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286,"featured_media":406392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[18662,29502,18632,18652,37312,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-406272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-physics-and-astronomy","tag-featured-post-side","tag-hajim-school-of-engineering-and-applied-sciences","tag-institute-of-optics","tag-materials-science-program","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Superhydrophobic metal that won\u2019t sink<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rochester researchers have created a metallic structure so water repellent, it refuses to sink\u2014no 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