{"id":421842,"date":"2020-04-07T15:04:28","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T19:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=421842"},"modified":"2020-10-27T21:38:59","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T01:38:59","slug":"new-laser-technique-will-allow-more-powerful-and-smaller-particle-accelerators-421842","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/new-laser-technique-will-allow-more-powerful-and-smaller-particle-accelerators-421842\/","title":{"rendered":"New laser technique will allow more powerful\u2014and smaller\u2014particle accelerators"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"width: 75%; font-size: 150%; font-face: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Could scientists someday explore subatomic particles using an accelerator that fits on a table? Rochester researchers outline ways to accelerate electrons in extremely short distances.<\/div>\n<p>By observing electrons that have been accelerated to extremely high energies, scientists are able to unlock clues about the particles that make up our universe.<\/p>\n<p>Accelerating electrons to such high energies in a laboratory setting, however, is challenging: typically, the more energetic the electrons, the bigger the particle accelerator. For instance, to discover the Higgs boson\u2014the recently observed \u201cGod particle,\u201d responsible for mass in the universe\u2014scientists at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland used a particle accelerator nearly 17 miles long.<\/p>\n<p>But what if there was a way to scale down particle accelerators, producing high-energy electrons in a fraction of the distance?<\/p>\n<p>In a paper published in <em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>, scientists at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lle.rochester.edu\/\">University of Rochester\u2019s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE)<\/a> outlined a method to shape intense laser light in a way that accelerates electrons to record energies in very short distances. The researchers estimate the accelerator would be 10,000 times smaller than a proposed setup recording similar energy, reducing the accelerator from nearly the length of Rhode Island to the length of a dining room table. With such a technology, scientists could perform tabletop experiments to probe the Higgs boson or explore the existence of extra dimensions and new particles that could lead to Albert Einstein\u2019s dream of a grand unified theory of the universe.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_423412\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-423412\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-423412\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/image-in-UR-colors-630x253.jpeg\" alt=\"illustration of ultrashort laser pulse created by LLE\" width=\"630\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/image-in-UR-colors-630x253.jpeg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/image-in-UR-colors.jpeg 756w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-423412\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration depicting the method outlined by LLE researchers to shape intense laser light in a way that accelerates electrons to record energies in very short distances. An ultrashort pulse (yellow) propagating to the right and reflecting from a radial echelon (right most element) controls the time at which each ring comes to focus after reflecting from an axiparabolla (left most element). (University of Rochester illustration \/ H. Palmer and K. Palmisano)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe higher energy electrons are required to study fundamental particle physics,\u201d says John Palastro, a scientist at the LLE and the paper\u2019s lead author. \u201cElectron accelerators provide a looking glass into a subatomic world inhabited by the fundamental building blocks of the universe.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While the research is currently theoretical, the LLE is working to make it a reality through plans to construct the highest-powered laser in the world. The laser, to be named EP-OPAL, will allow researchers to create the extremely powerful sculpted light pulses and technology described in the paper.<\/p>\n<p>The electron accelerator outlined by the researchers relies on a revolutionary technique for sculpting the shape of laser pulses so that their peaks can travel faster than the speed of light.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis technology could allow electrons to be accelerated beyond what is possible with current technologies,\u201d says Dustin Froula, a senior scientist at the LLE and one of the paper\u2019s authors.<\/p>\n<p>In order to sculpt the laser pulses, the researchers developed a novel optic setup resembling a circular amphitheater with wavelength-sized \u201csteps\u201d used to create a time delay between concentric rings of light delivered from a high-powered laser.<\/p>\n<p>A typical lens focuses each ring of light from a laser to a single distance from the lens, forming a single spot of high-intensity light. Instead of using a typical lens, however, the researchers use an exotically shaped lens, which allows them to focus each ring of light to a different distance from the lens, creating a line of high intensity rather than a single spot.<\/p>\n<p>When this sculpted light pulse enters a plasma\u2014a hot soup of freely moving electrons and ions\u2014it creates a wake, similar to the wake behind a motorboat. The wake propagates at the speed of light. Much like a water skier riding in a boat\u2019s wake, the electrons then accelerate as they ride the wake of the sculpted laser light pulses.<\/p>\n<p>Such \u201claser wakefield accelerators\u201d (LWFA) were first theorized nearly 40 years ago, and were advanced by the invention of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-chirped-pulse-amplification-nobel-prize-341072\/\">chirped-pulse amplification (CPA)<\/a>, a technique developed at the LLE by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/rochesters-breakthrough-in-laser-science-earns-nobel-prize-340302\/\">2018 Nobel Prize recipients<\/a> Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou.<\/p>\n<p>Previous versions of LWFA, however, used traditional, unstructured light pulses that propagated more slowly than the speed of light, which meant the electrons would outrun the wake, limiting their acceleration. The new sculpted light pulses enable faster-than-light speeds so electrons can ride the wake indefinitely and be continually accelerated.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis work is extremely innovative and would be a game changer for laser-accelerators,\u201d says Michael Campbell, director of the LLE. \u201cThis research shows the value of theoretical and experimental plasma physics working closely together with outstanding laser scientists and engineers\u2014it represents the best of the culture of LLE.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The research is supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.<\/p>\n<p>The LLE was established at the University in 1970 and is the largest US DOE university-based research program in the nation. As a nationally funded facility, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration as part of its Stockpile Stewardship Program, the LLE conducts implosion and other experiments to explore fusion as a future source of energy, to develop new laser and materials technologies, and to conduct research and develop technology related to high-energy-density phenomena.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Read more<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"large-up-2\">\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/laser-beams-modify-plasma-fusion-research-409362\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/fea-laboratory-for-laser-energetics-omega.jpg\" alt=\"image of laser lab\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>When laser beams meet plasma: New data addresses gap in fusion research<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">New research from the University of Rochester will enhance the accuracy of computer models used in simulations of laser-driven implosions.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/the-year-of-the-laser-356332\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/fea-mourou-strickland.jpg\" alt=\"image of nobelists donna strickland and gerard mourou\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>The year of the laser: Rochester breakthrough in laser science earns Nobel Prize<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">One of the biggest stories of the year was the selection of Donna Strickland \u201989 (PhD) and Gerard Mourou for the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work at the Laboratory of Laser Energetics<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers at Rochester\u2019s Laboratory for Laser Energetics have outlined a method to shape intense laser light in ways that could lead to tabletop experiments to probe the Higgs boson and explore the existence of extra dimensions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":912,"featured_media":459702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[34322,5296,30652],"class_list":["post-421842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-dustin-froula","tag-laboratory-for-laser-energetics","tag-michael-campbell"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New laser technique will allow more powerful\u2014and smaller\u2014particle accelerators<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers at Rochester\u2019s Laboratory for Laser Energetics have outlined a method to 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