{"id":453262,"date":"2020-10-01T11:58:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T15:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=453262"},"modified":"2020-10-08T10:38:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T14:38:51","slug":"understanding-stressed-bacteria-route-to-better-antibiotics-453262","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/understanding-stressed-bacteria-route-to-better-antibiotics-453262\/","title":{"rendered":"A route to better antibiotics: understanding \u2018stressed bacteria\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"width: 75%; font-size: 150%; font-face: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 125%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Research by Rochester biologist Anne S. Meyer may lead to more effective antibiotics, less antibiotic resistance.<\/div>\n<p>Doctors often treat ear infections, strep throat, and urinary tract infections with antibiotics that kill the bacteria causing these infections. Sometimes, however, bacteria mount strong responses to stressors such as antibiotics, allowing these \u201cstressed\u201d bacteria to survive. This is especially the case when a person takes multiple antibiotics.<\/p>\n<div class=\"side-right\" style=\"width: 25%;\">\n<h2>Graduate Research Opportunity<\/h2>\n<p>Meyer is currently recruiting PhD students to work on this project. Interested students should contact her at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:anne@annemeyerlab.org\">anne@annemeyerlab.org<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about the Department of Biology&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/bio\/graduate\/index.html\">graduate program<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Understanding the mechanisms behind bacteria\u2019s responses is important in developing more effective disease treatments. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/bio\/people\/faculty\/meyer_anne\/index.html\">Anne S. Meyer<\/a>, an associate professor of biology at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\">University of Rochester<\/a>, received a nearly $719,000 grant award from the National Science Foundation to study these mechanisms. In a collaboration with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rit.edu\/directory\/modsps-moumita-das\">Moumita Das<\/a>, an associate professor of physics and astronomy at Rochester Institute of Technology, Meyer\u2019s research will answer fundamental questions about how bacteria organize themselves and will provide important information for developing antibiotics that target bacteria without harming healthy human cells. Because patients may try multiple antibiotics before they find one that works, treatments that are better targeted to the bacteria may also reduce the use of antibiotics, addressing the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.<\/p>\n<p>Meyer and the members of her lab have extensive expertise in biochemistry and single-molecule biophysics, and her lab is internationally known for its findings on how bacteria compact their DNA during stress. Das\u2019s lab has performed pioneering work on mathematically modeling the physical and mechanical properties of biological systems.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTogether we are the perfect team to study this problem,\u201d Meyer says.<\/p>\n<h2>\u2018Stressed\u2019 bacteria and how they survive<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cUnstressed\u201d bacteria have plenty of nutrients to consume and are in an environment that is neither too hot nor too cold. Stressed bacteria, on the other hand, may be starving, experiencing extreme temperatures or pH, or even exposed to toxic metals or radiation.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_453972\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-453972\" style=\"width: 333px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-453972\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/3506_StressedBacteria_333w.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of an &quot;unstressed&quot; bacteria with loose DNA next to a &quot;stressed&quot; bacteria with compact DNA.\" width=\"333\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-453972\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">When bacteria undergo stress, they respond by activating &#8220;stress responses,&#8221; including compacting their DNA into organized crystals that are more resistant to damage. Meyer\u2019s lab recently learned that some molecules are not able to reach a stressed bacteria\u2019s DNA when the DNA becomes crystallized. This could mean that antibiotics might also be unable to reach the DNA of stressed bacteria cells in order to kill the bacteria. The research will therefore help in designing new, more efficient antibiotics. (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When bacteria invade the human body, the body fights back and tries to kill the bacteria in various ways\u2014by increasing the pH as the bacteria enter our digestive tract, or by changing the oxygen concentration, for example. We may also ingest antibiotics to attack the bacteria. But if the bacteria can mount an effective stress response, they will be able to survive within the body despite these stressors.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>How do bacteria mount an effective stress response?<\/p>\n<p>When bacteria undergo stress, they activate stress responses that include the expression of a new set of genes to help them prevent or reverse the damage caused\u00a0by the stressful condition. With more extreme stress, some bacteria can even shrink\u00a0in size or turn themselves into durable, long-lasting spores.<\/p>\n<p>Meyer\u2019s lab has found that some stressed bacteria are able to compact their DNA into organized crystals, making the DNA less likely to become damaged. Her latest research will probe the mechanics of crystallized DNA in an effort to discover how this crystallization helps bacteria survive. In particular, she wants to know how bacteria are still able to function and, as she puts it, \u201cread\u201d from a \u201cclosed book\u201d of crystallized DNA.<\/p>\n<p>The research has important implications for developing more effective antibiotics. That\u2019s because many antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial gene expression, interfering with the RNA polymerase enzymes that read off the DNA to express the bacteria\u2019s genes. These antibiotics are effective only if they are able to inhibit the RNA polymerase enzymes in all situations, whether or not the bacteria is stressed.<\/p>\n<p>Meyer\u2019s lab has recently learned that some molecules are not able to reach a stressed bacteria\u2019s DNA when the DNA becomes crystallized. This could mean that antibiotics might also be unable to reach the DNA of stressed bacteria cells in order to kill the bacteria.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe want to check whether antibiotics are able to reach the DNA of stressed cells, and, if not, we will be discovering the rules for what types of molecules are able to reach the DNA,\u201d Meyer says. \u201cThese rules would help to design new antibiotics that are active in stressed as well as unstressed bacteria cells.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Building on Rochester\u2019s strengths<\/h2>\n<p>Michael Welte, chair of Rochester\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/bio\/index.html\">Department of Biology<\/a>, notes that Meyer\u2019s research builds on core strengths in analyzing the physical and behavioral properties of living matter.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHer group not only adds a unique perspective, but she has also forged new connections across campus, such as with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urmc.rochester.edu\/microbiology-immunology.aspx\">Department of Microbiology and Immunology<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/matsci\/\">Materials Science Program<\/a>, and with colleagues at other universities,\u201d he says. \u201cDr. Meyer\u2019s research lays the groundwork for understanding how the physical properties of biomolecules create order at the cellular level, not just in bacteria, but in all living organisms.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Read more<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"large-up-3\">\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/researchers-targeting-dps-protein-bacterial-dna-recipes-332192\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/CellCoverartSubmissionSmall_2.jpg\" alt=\"illustration of compacted protein\" \/><strong>Researchers target protein that protects bacteria\u2019s DNA \u2018recipes\u2019<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">In a new study, Rochester biologists describe some of the unique characteristics of the protein that makes bacteria like <em>E. coli<\/em> so resilient.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/artificial-nacre-mother-of-pearl-using-bacteria-375202\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/fea-nacre-artificial.jpg\" alt=\"abalone shell against black background\" \/><strong>Researchers create artificial mother-of-pearl using bacteria<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">Rochester biologists have developed an innovative method for creating nacre, or mother-of-pearl, in the lab\u2014and maybe on the moon. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/graphene-nanomaterials-future-computers-bacteria-389172\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/anne-meyer.jpg\" alt=\"Anne S. Meyer in her lab.\" \/><strong>Will your future computer be made using bacteria?<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">By mixing graphite with bacteria, Rochester scientists are making graphene easier and more environmentally friendly to produce.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rochester biologist Anne S. Meyer\u2019s research into the mechanisms behind bacteria&#8217;s responses may lead to more effective antibiotics and less antibiotic resistance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":912,"featured_media":453962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[38642,18722,4626,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-453262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-anne-s-meyer","tag-department-of-biology","tag-featured-post","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A route to better antibiotics: understanding \u2018stressed bacteria\u2019<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rochester biologist Anne S. 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