{"id":525952,"date":"2022-07-06T12:58:03","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T16:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=525952"},"modified":"2022-08-29T14:10:03","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T18:10:03","slug":"synergistic-mindsets-growth-adolescent-stress-management-525952","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/synergistic-mindsets-growth-adolescent-stress-management-525952\/","title":{"rendered":"Helping teens channel stress, grow in resilience"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"width: 85%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 135%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;\">Psychologists develop a tool to help teens turn everyday stressors that could lead to anxiety and depression into a positive force instead.<\/h2>\n<p>\u201cAdolescents today are more stressed than ever, exhibiting record levels of stress-related internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/psy\/people\/faculty\/jamieson_jeremy\/\">Jeremy Jamieson<\/a>, an associate professor of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/psy\/\">psychology<\/a> at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/\">University of Rochester<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There are solid reasons for teens to worry. A global pandemic. War in Europe. Mass shootings, economic insecurity, and staggering college costs in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>And then there are the ordinary, day-to-day stresses that teens have faced for generations, such as how they\u2019re perceived by their peers, coaches, teachers, and potential romantic partners, and increasingly, how they\u2019re faring in a competitive and demanding academic landscape.<\/p>\n<p>Jamieson, who heads up Rochester\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/socialstresslab.wixsite.com\/urochester\">Social Stress Lab<\/a>, specializes in the study of these ordinary stressors, which he says have grown substantially with greater academic pressures, and even more so, with the rise of social media.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor adolescents, social hierarchy, social comparisons, and peer evaluations have always been important, but now it\u2019s there all the time,\u201d he says. \u201cPeople are receiving a daily stream of likes, dislikes, and comments via social media, which makes for a constant state of social evaluation. It\u2019s one of the most damaging things we\u2019ve seen for adolescents.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While there are good reasons to limit one\u2019s use of social media, peer evaluation is a fact of life, as are challenges in school and at work. And they all can bring on stress.<\/p>\n<p>Conventional thinking often equates stress with something \u201cbad,\u201d but as Jamieson says, \u201cstress is a normal and even defining feature of adolescence\u201d that allows teens to acquire a wide variety of complicated social and intellectual skills as they transition to adulthood and eventually join the labor market.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor those of us who study stress processes and psychophysiology, stress is just any demand for change\u2014it\u2019s neither good nor bad,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, how we respond to stressful situations can lead us either to depression, or toward resilience.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>30-minute module promotes two new, interrelated mindsets<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>That basic concept\u2014that how we respond to stress can weigh us down or help lift us up\u2014informs a training module developed and tested successfully by Jamieson and colleagues at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.utexas.edu\/\">University of Texas at Austin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stanford.edu\/\">Stanford University<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/ywe33m\/this-woman-believes-ai-can-be-taught-empathy\">Google Empathy Lab<\/a>. (The researchers caution that the tool is not suitable for those whose stressors are the result of trauma or abuse.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"side-right\">\n<h2>Takeaways for teens about stress responses<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>High school is a time when experiences of difficulty, struggle, and frustration offer opportunities for personal growth.<\/li>\n<li>The stress that your body feels when you face those experiences is preparing you to learn from challenges.<\/li>\n<li>People who understand that the brain changes with learning\u2014and that the body\u2019s stress responses facilitate learning\u2014are better prepared to address the demands of high school.<\/li>\n<li>As you approach difficult challenges more often, things that used to be hard begin to feel easier. When something feels really difficult, your brain learns how to respond more effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>As the researchers explain in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04907-7\"><em>Nature<\/em><\/a>, the 30-minute online training module teaches teenagers to channel their stress responses away from something \u201cbad\u201d that needs to be feared and tamped down toward recognizing those responses\u2014sweaty palms, a racing heart, for example\u2014as a positive driving force.<\/p>\n<p>The intervention works by helping teens develop what the researchers call two \u201csynergistic mindsets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One, a <em>growth mindset<\/em>, is the idea that one\u2019s intelligence can be developed in response to a challenge. It\u2019s \u201cbasically the belief that intellectual ability is not fixed but can be developed with effort, effective strategies, and support from others,\u201d Jamieson says. \u201cIt\u2019s the idea that if I push myself, I can grow, I can learn, I can improve, and I can push through difficulties.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The other is what the researchers call a <em>stress-can-be-enhancing mindset<\/em>. It\u2019s the idea that one\u2019s stress responses not only are not harmful, but can also actually fuel a person\u2019s performance in challenging situations. Sweaty palms, a racing heart, and deeper breathing, for example, are physiological changes that \u201cmobilize energy and deliver oxygenated blood to the brain and tissues,\u201d Jamieson says.<\/p>\n<p>The module presents these two mindsets as part of a single process. The growth mindset trains teens to embrace rather than avoid the difficulties of a situation, while the stress-can-be-enhancing mindset encourages them to lean into their physiological stress responses and use them to meet the challenge head on.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers show over the course of six double-blind, randomized experiments, conducted in both laboratory and field settings with a total of 4,291 young people (students in grades 8\u201312 and college undergraduates), that the intervention improves the participants\u2019 stress-linked health outcomes, such as biological responses, psychological well-being, anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 lockdowns, as well as academic performance.<\/p>\n<p>Says Jamieson, \u201cThese combined messages got the teenagers in our studies to view stressors as things that could be overcome, rather than as something overwhelming and outside their control.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Key findings plus next steps for addressing stress in teens<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The data showed that the synergistic mindsets intervention resulted in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved physiological responses to stress, including increased delivery of oxygenated blood to the brain and body, and a faster return to the body\u2019s homeostasis after a challenging event<\/li>\n<li>Improved psychological well-being (people felt liked, powerful, satisfied, good about themselves, had higher self-esteem, and didn\u2019t feel rejected, insecure, or disconnected)<\/li>\n<li>Reduced negative self-regard, an internalizing symptom that can lead to depression<\/li>\n<li>Lower cortisol levels, a hormonal indicator of threat-type stress responses<\/li>\n<li>Higher academic achievement (measured in pass rates for core classes)<\/li>\n<li>Lower anxiety symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cNow that we know that it works, we\u2019re working on scaling it up,\u201d Jamieson says. \u201cWe know that the biggest changes occur in those who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, experience more day-to-day stressors, and are lower-achieving, academically.\u201d The next step would be large-scale trials.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u2018Stress can be useful. That<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>s a really big, novel idea for a lot of people.\u2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Most of us know that the stress we feel is an evolutionary adaptation. But we tell ourselves that a trigonometry test does not pose the same threat as a hungry lion headed in our direction. So, the message is that the stress is irrational, and we should somehow get rid of it.<\/p>\n<p>But that\u2019s the wrong message, says Jamieson.<\/p>\n<p>At a basic level, the module is about \u201cteaching people about how stress can be useful. That\u2019s a really big, novel idea for a lot of people. Stress is typically not seen as something that is beneficial and adaptive, it\u2019s seen as something that\u2019s damaging. We\u2019re really trying to work against that misconception.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Instead the teens in the experiments who used the module learned a bit about how the brain works, and that when you learn, you actually change the physiological structure of your brain through engaging with difficult challenges.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe harder you work, the better you become at different tasks,\u201d says Jamieson, including meeting a host of life\u2019s challenges with resilience.<\/p>\n<p><em>The research was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, the Google Empathy Lab, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Read more<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"large-up-3\">\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/good-stress-response-benefits-488912\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/fea-good-stress-response-2.jpg\" alt=\"Good stress response with fingers framing the word stress.\" \/><strong>No, stress isn\u2019t always bad. Here\u2019s how to harness it.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">Rochester psychologists find that college students who reinterpret their stress response as performance-enhancing are less anxious and generally healthier.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/getting-fewer-likes-on-social-media-can-make-teens-anxious-and-depressed-453482\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2020_september_social-media-depression_GettyImages-811246982.jpg\" alt=\"depressed teen looking at social media on phone.\" \/><strong>Getting fewer \u2018likes\u2019 on social media can make teens anxious and depressed<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">Lack of positive feedback on social media can decrease adolescents\u2019 feelings of self-worth, a multi-institutional team of psychologists finds.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"padding-left: 0px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/embargo-teenagers-ability-to-describe-negative-emotions-protects-against-depression-384462\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/fea-teenager-depression.jpg\" alt=\"a teenager holds a crying emoticon over their face to symbolize expression of emotions and depression.\" \/><strong>Teenagers\u2019 ability to describe negative emotions protects against depression<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: .9em;\">A Rochester study shows that teenagers who can describe their emotions in precise and nuanced ways are better protected against depression than their peers who can\u2019t.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychologists have developed a tool to help teens turn everyday stressors that could lead to anxiety and depression into a positive force instead.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":942,"featured_media":526142,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[456],"tags":[18592,29502,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-525952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society-culture","tag-department-of-psychology","tag-featured-post-side","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Helping teens channel stress, grow in resilience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"University of Rochester researchers helped teenagers develop two synergistic mindsets: a growth mindset and a stress-can-be-enhancing mindset.\" \/>\n<meta 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