{"id":561552,"date":"2023-06-14T11:32:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T15:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=561552"},"modified":"2023-07-05T09:34:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T13:34:46","slug":"what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/","title":{"rendered":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life"},"content":{"rendered":"

The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.<\/h2>\n
\n

What is plate tectonics? And why do plates move?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Plate tectonics is the theory that describes how Earth\u2019s rigid outer layer\u2014called the lithosphere, which is made up of the crust and upper mantle\u2014is composed of a series of plates that move and interact with each another. These plates are like big pieces of a jigsaw puzzle that fit together to form Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n

The ocean floor is made of plates that form where molten rock from Earth\u2019s mantle\u2014the layer of hot, semi-solid rock beneath the lithosphere\u2014flows upward. Over hundreds of millions of years, these plates cool and thicken so much that they eventually sink back into the Earth\u2019s mantle at subduction zones. The gravitational force of this movement makes the plates shift and move, driving the horizontal motion of plate tectonics.<\/p>\n

While this movement is very slow\u2014\u201ca rapid plate moves as fast as fingernails grow, about 10 centimeters (approximately four inches) a year,\u201d Tarduno says\u2014over the course of millions of years, this can add up to thousands of kilometers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Scientists have taken a journey back in time to unlock the mysteries of Earth\u2019s early history, using tiny mineral crystals called zircons to study plate tectonics billions of years ago. The research sheds light on the conditions that existed in early Earth, revealing a complex interplay between Earth\u2019s crust, core, and the emergence of life.<\/p>\n

Plate tectonics allows heat from Earth\u2019s interior to escape to the surface, forming continents and other geological features necessary for life to emerge. Accordingly, \u201cthere has been the assumption that plate tectonics is necessary for life,\u201d says John Tarduno<\/a>, who teaches in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a> at the University of Rochester<\/a>. But new research casts doubt on that assumption.<\/p>\n

Tarduno, the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor, is lead author of a paper published in Nature<\/em><\/a>\u00a0examining plate tectonics from a time 3.9 billion years ago, when scientists believe the first traces of life appeared on Earth. The researchers found that mobile plate tectonics was not occurring during this time. Instead, they discovered, Earth was releasing heat through what is known as a stagnant lid regime. The results indicate that although plate tectonics is a key factor for sustaining life on Earth, it is not a requirement for life to originate on a terrestrial-like planet.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe found there wasn\u2019t plate tectonics when life is first thought to originate, and that there wasn\u2019t plate tectonics for hundreds of millions of years after,\u201d says Tarduno. \u201cOur data suggests that when we\u2019re looking for exoplanets that harbor life, the planets do not necessarily need to have plate tectonics.\u201d<\/p>\n

An unexpected detour from a study of zircons<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The researchers did not originally set out to study plate tectonics.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe were studying the magnetization of zircons because we were studying Earth\u2019s magnetic field,\u201d Tarduno says.<\/p>\n

Zircons are tiny crystals containing magnetic particles that can lock in the magnetization of Earth at the time the zircons were formed. By dating the zircons, researchers can construct a timeline tracing the development of Earth\u2019s magnetic field.<\/p>\n

\"Zircon
PROS AND ZIRCONS:<\/strong> Researchers used zircons collected from sandstone samples (pictured above), collected in South Africa. The inset shows a microscope photo of the zircon crystal with hypothetical magnetic field lines created by magnetic particles within the crystal. (University of Rochester images \/ photo by J. Adam Fenster \/ illustration by Michael Osadciw)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The strength and direction of Earth\u2019s magnetic field change depending on latitude. For example, the current magnetic field is strongest at the poles and weakest at the equator. Armed with information about zircons\u2019 magnetic properties, scientists can infer the relative latitudes at which the zircons formed. That is, if the efficiency of the geodynamo\u2014the process generating the magnetic field\u2014is constant and the intensity of the field is changing over a period, the latitude at which the zircons formed must also be changing.<\/p>\n

But Tarduno and his team discovered the opposite: the zircons they studied from South Africa indicated that during the period from about 3.9 to 3.4 billion years ago, the strength of the magnetic field did not change, which means the latitudes did not change either.<\/p>\n

Because plate tectonics includes changes in latitudes of various land masses, Tarduno says, \u201cplate tectonic motions likely weren\u2019t occurring during this time and there must have been another way Earth was removing heat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Further reinforcing their findings, the researchers found the same patterns in zircons they studied from Western Australia.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe aren\u2019t saying the zircons formed on the same continent, but it looks like they formed at the same unchanging latitude, which strengthens our argument that there wasn\u2019t plate tectonic motion occurring at this time,\u201d Tarduno says.<\/p>\n

Stagnant lid tectonics: an alternative to plate tectonics<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Earth is a heat engine, and plate tectonics is ultimately the release of heat from Earth. But stagnant lid tectonics\u2014which results in cracks in Earth\u2019s surface\u2014are another means allowing heat to escape from the interior of the planet to form continents and other geological features.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>Our data suggests that when we\u2019re looking for exoplanets that harbor life, the planets do not necessarily need to have plate tectonics.\u201d<\/div>\n

Plate tectonics involves the horizontal movement and interaction of large plates on Earth\u2019s surface. Tarduno and his colleagues report that, on average, plates from the last 600 million years have moved at least 8,500 kilometers (5280 miles) in latitude. In contrast, stagnant lid tectonics describes how the outermost layer of Earth behaves like a stagnant lid, without active horizontal plate motion. Instead, the outer layer remains in place while the interior of the planet cools. Large plumes of molten material originating in Earth\u2019s deep interior can cause the outer layer to crack. Stagnant lid tectonics is not as effective as plate tectonics at releasing heat from Earth\u2019s mantle, but it can still lead to the formation of continents.<\/p>\n

\u201cEarly Earth was not a planet where everything was dead on the surface,\u201d Tarduno says. \u201cThings were still happening on Earth\u2019s surface; our research indicates they just weren\u2019t happening through plate tectonics. We had at least enough geochemical cycling provided by the stagnant lid processes to produce conditions suitable for the origin of life.\u201d<\/p>\n

Maintaining a habitable planet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

While Earth is the only known planet to experience plate tectonics, other planets, such as Venus, experience stagnant lid tectonics, Tarduno says.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople have tended to think that stagnant lid tectonics would not build a habitable planet because of what is happening on Venus,\u201d he says. \u201cVenus is not a very nice place to live: it has a crushing carbon dioxide atmosphere and sulfuric acid clouds. This is because heat is not being removed effectively from the planet\u2019s surface.\u201d<\/p>\n

Without plate tectonics, Earth may have met a similar fate. While the researchers hint that plate tectonics may have started on Earth soon after 3.4 billion years, the geology community is divided on a specific date.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe think plate tectonics, in the long run, is important for removing heat, generating the magnetic field, and keeping things habitable on our planet,\u201d Tarduno says. \u201cBut, in the beginning, and a billion years after, our data indicates that we didn\u2019t need plate tectonics.\u201d<\/p>\n

The team included researchers from four US institutions and institutions in Canada, Japan, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The research was funded by the US National Science Foundation.<\/p>\n

\n

Read more<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
\n

\"anHow did Earth avoid a Mars-like fate? Ancient rocks hold clues<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Paleomagnetic research suggests Earth\u2019s solid inner core formed 550 million years ago and restored our planet\u2019s magnetic field.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"WomanMoons may help explain what makes planets habitable<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

In the search for Earth-like planets, University of Rochester scientist Miki Nakajima turns to computer simulations of moon formations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"Photo-illustrationCan a planet have a mind of its own?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Rochester astrophysicist Adam Frank asks, if a planet\u00a0with life has a life of its own, can it also have a mind of its own?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":912,"featured_media":561562,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[18852,2056,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-561552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-earth-and-environmental-sciences","tag-john-tarduno","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlate tectonics not required for the emergence of life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1050\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lindsey Valich\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lindsey Valich\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827\"},\"headline\":\"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\"},\"wordCount\":1364,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences\",\"John Tarduno\",\"research finding\",\"School of Arts and Sciences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science & Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\",\"name\":\"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827\"},\"description\":\"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1200,\"caption\":\"PLATE DATE: Plate tectonics involves the horizontal movement and interaction of large plates on Earth\u2019s surface. New research indicates that mobile plate tectonics\u2014thought to be necessary for the creation of a habitable planet\u2014was not occurring on Earth 3.9 billion years ago. (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/\",\"name\":\"News Center\",\"description\":\"University of Rochester\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827\",\"name\":\"Lindsey Valich\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/author\/lvalich\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life","description":"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life","og_description":"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/","og_site_name":"News Center","article_published_time":"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg","width":1050,"height":630,"type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Lindsey Valich","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Lindsey Valich","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/"},"author":{"name":"Lindsey Valich","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827"},"headline":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life","datePublished":"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/"},"wordCount":1364,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg","keywords":["Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences","John Tarduno","research finding","School of Arts and Sciences"],"articleSection":["Science & Technology"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/","name":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg","datePublished":"2023-06-14T15:32:11+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-05T13:34:46+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827"},"description":"The finding contradicts previous assumptions about the role of mobile plate tectonics in the development of life on Earth.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/fea-earths-crust-plate-tectonics.jpg","width":2000,"height":1200,"caption":"PLATE DATE: Plate tectonics involves the horizontal movement and interaction of large plates on Earth\u2019s surface. New research indicates that mobile plate tectonics\u2014thought to be necessary for the creation of a habitable planet\u2014was not occurring on Earth 3.9 billion years ago. (University of Rochester illustration \/ Michael Osadciw)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-is-plate-tectonics-not-required-for-emergence-of-life-561552\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Plate tectonics not required for the emergence of life"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/","name":"News Center","description":"University of Rochester","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/#\/schema\/person\/fcd7d29a5b8e855924bf73b764dcd827","name":"Lindsey Valich","url":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/author\/lvalich\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/912"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=561552"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":563252,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561552\/revisions\/563252"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/561562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=561552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=561552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=561552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}