The researchers, led by assistant professor of chemical engineering Astrid Mu\u0308ller<\/a>, focused on a specific type of PFAS called Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which was once widely used for stain-resistant products but is now banned in much of the world for its harm to human and animal health. PFOS is still widespread and persistent in the environment despite being phased out by US manufacturers in the early 2000s, continuing to show up in water supplies.<\/p>\n Mu\u0308ller and her team of materials science PhD students created the nanocatalysts using her unique combination of expertise in ultrafast lasers, materials science, chemistry, and chemical engineering.<\/p>\n \u201cUsing pulsed laser in liquid synthesis, we can control the surface chemistry of these catalysts in ways you cannot do in traditional wet chemistry methods,\u201d says Mu\u0308ller. \u201cYou can control the size of the resulting nanoparticles through the light-matter interaction, basically blasting them apart.\u201d<\/p>\n The scientists then adhere the nanoparticles to carbon paper that is hydrophilic, or attracted to water molecules. That provides a cheap substrate with a high surface area. Using lithium hydroxide at high concentrations, they completely defluorinated the PFOS chemicals.<\/p>\n Mu\u0308ller says that for the process to work at a large scale, they will need to treat at least a cubic meter at a time. Crucially, their novel approach uses all nonprecious metals, unlike existing methods that require boron-doped diamond. By their calculations, treating a cubic meter of polluted water using boron-doped diamond would cost $8.5 million; the new method is nearly 100 times cheaper.<\/p>\n In future studies, Mu\u0308ller hopes to understand why lithium hydroxide works so well and whether even less expensive, more abundant materials can be substituted to bring the cost down further. She also wants to apply the method to an array of PFAS chemicals that are still prevalently used but have been linked to health issues ranging from development in babies to kidney cancer.<\/p>\n Mu\u0308ller says that despite their issues, outright banning all PFAS chemicals and substances is not practical because of their usefulness in not only consumer products, but in green technologies as well.<\/p>\n \u201cI would argue that in the end, a lot of decarbonization efforts\u2014from geothermal heat pumps to efficient refrigeration to solar cells\u2014depend on the availability of PFAS,\u201d says Mu\u0308ller. \u201cI believe it\u2019s possible to use PFAS in a circular, sustainable way if we can leverage electrocatalytic solutions to break fluorocarbon bonds and get the fluoride back out safely without putting it into the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n Although commercialization is a long way off, Mu\u0308ller filed a patent with support from URVentures<\/a>, and foresees it being used at wastewater treatment facilities and by companies to clean up contaminated sites where they used to produce these PFAS chemicals. She also calls it a social justice issue.<\/p>\n \u201cOften in areas with lower income across the globe, there\u2019s more pollution,\u201d says Mu\u0308ller. \u201cAn advantage of an electrocatalytic approach is that you can use it in a distributed fashion with a small footprint using electricity from solar panels.\u201d<\/p>\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/inline-pfas-chemicals-in-water-2024-02-16_Muller_lab_0075.jpg\")
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Harnessing PFAS chemicals in sustainable ways<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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