{"id":597672,"date":"2024-03-25T13:02:31","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T17:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=597672"},"modified":"2025-12-01T13:45:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T18:45:40","slug":"rare-books-to-celebrate-the-solar-eclipse-597672","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/rare-books-to-celebrate-the-solar-eclipse-597672\/","title":{"rendered":"7 rare books to celebrate the solar eclipse"},"content":{"rendered":"

Although you can\u2019t technically check out these volumes\u2014ranging from a medieval anthology to a mid-20th century how-to guide\u2014they\u2019re still worth \u2018checking out.\u2019<\/h2>\n

Carefully preserved within the roughly three million volumes in the University of Rochester<\/a>\u2019s River Campus Libraries<\/a> are a couple dozen rare books that explore astronomy and solar eclipses.<\/p>\n

To celebrate the 2024 total solar eclipse on April 8, Melissa Mead, the John M. and Barbara Keil University Archivist and Rochester Collections Librarian, will display some of the works in Rush Rhees Library<\/a>. Anyone who misses the display can request to see the books at any time.<\/p>\n

These volumes, some published more than 500 years ago, can\u2019t be checked out, but they\u2019re still worth checking out. Here are seven titles that offer a taste of what awaits.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u2018<\/b>SOL\u2019<\/b> TRAIN:<\/strong> A woodcut representing the sun. (University of Rochester image \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Introductorium in Astronomiam<\/em><\/strong> by Ja\u2019far Ibn Muhammad Abu Ma\u2019shar (Abumasar) Al-<\/strong>Balkhi (1489)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Astronomer and astrologer Abumasar, who was born in what is now Afghanistan, penned this anthology of his observations of the cosmos between 849 and 850. This copy was printed in 1489 and is one of the oldest of the astronomy books in the archives.<\/p>\n

Introductorium in Astronomiam<\/a><\/em> (The Great Introduction to the Science of Astronomy<\/em>) consists of eight books dealing with subjects as varied as how the planets in our solar system influence Earth and the relations between zodiacal signs.<\/p>\n

This treasure was bequeathed to the University by alumnus William Harkness, who made what astronomers consider a \u201clandmark discovery\u201d during a solar eclipse in 1869<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Astronomicum Caesareum<\/em><\/strong> by Petrus Apianus (1540)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"
OVER THE MOON:<\/strong> Astronomicum Caesareum<\/em> relies on the debunked geocentric model of the universe, which places the Earth at the center of the universe. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Holy Roman Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I commissioned German humanist Peter Apian to complete this work, whose title translates to \u201cThe Emperor\u2019s Astronomy.\u201d (The ego of a holy Roman emperor apparently knows no bounds.)<\/p>\n

The University of Rochester\u2019s copy is not an original, but rather a facsimile. It is worth a look, though, because of its intricate and colorful volvelles, a set of overlapping paper disks that the reader can rotate to calculate astronomical information. Volvelles are like a cross between a primitive computer and a pop-up book.<\/p>\n

\"Gif
(University of Rochester GIF \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation \/ AJ Pow)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The volvelles of Astronomicum Caesareum<\/em> rely on the debunked geocentric model of the universe, which places the Earth at the center of it all. But they are nevertheless something to behold.<\/p>\n

Institutio Astronomica<\/em><\/strong> by Petri Gassendi (1653)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"
BONA FIDE:<\/strong> Petri Gassendi\u2019s Institutio Astronomica<\/em> (1653) is one of the first modern astronomy textbooks. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

You won\u2019t be able to read this work by French astronomer and mathematician Pierre Gassendi unless you know Latin. But you can marvel at its illustrations of solar eclipses and at how far science\u2014and graphic design\u2014have come in the last 400 years.<\/p>\n

Institutio Astronomica<\/em> was based on a series of lectures Gassendi gave in his day and is considered one of the first modern astronomy textbooks. Very cool.<\/p>\n

Also cool: Gassendi made many of his observations through telescopes given to him by Galileo, and in 1631 was the first person to observe and record a special kind of eclipse in the transit of Mercury across the sun.<\/p>\n

Young Ladies\u2019 Astronomy<\/em><\/strong> by Montgomery Robert Bartlett (1825)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"Close
CLASS ACT:<\/strong> Astronomy instruction in 19th-century American classrooms was typically reserved for boys. But Young Ladies\u2019 Astronomy<\/em>, printed in 1825, was published specifically to teach girls the subject. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Opening this textbook is as much a trip into the heavens as it is into history.<\/p>\n

Underlying the premise of this teaching tool\u2014whose full title is Young Ladies\u2019 Astronomy: A Concise System of Physical, Practical, and Descriptive Astronomy Designed Particularly for the Assistance of Young Ladies in that Interesting and Sublime Study<\/em>\u2014is the stark reality that astronomy instruction in American classrooms of the early 19th century was typically reserved for boys.<\/p>\n

The author wrote in his introduction that he had collected and arranged the materials while teaching a class of girls in 1820 in \u201celementary studies.\u201d<\/p>\n

The book, which was printed in Utica, New York, includes ringing endorsements from Governor De Witt Clinton, and Theodore Strong, a math and philosophy professor at nearby Hamilton College, who wrote: \u201cI do therefore most cheerfully recommend the work, not only to the Young Ladies of our country, but also to all others, and particularly to the instructions of our schools.\u201d<\/p>\n

Diagrams of Geology, History, and Physical Geography<\/em><\/strong> by James Reynolds (1849)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"Several
FOR THE (DIA)GRAM:<\/strong> Hand-drawn diagrams from by James Reynolds\u2019\u00a0Diagrams of Geology, History, and Physical Geography<\/em>. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tucked inside this simple, blue Victorian cloth folder are 18 hand-drawn diagrams bursting with color on cardstock for display in an educational setting.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat was your PowerPoint of the day,\u201d says Mead, the University archivist. \u201cThey might have been pinned up on the wall of a classroom.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"GIF
(University of Rochester GIF \/ AJ Pow \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As the title of the volume suggests, the diagrams cover topics in geology, history, and geography, including the comparative sizes of the planets of the solar system, the changing of the seasons, and, of course, eclipses.<\/p>\n

\"GIF
(University of Rochester GIF \/ AJ Pow \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The best part? Four of them are so-called \u201ctransparent diagrams,\u201d constructed with cut-outs on translucent paper that, when held up to the light, illuminate the artwork. You won\u2019t need special glasses to safely view these brilliant images, though.<\/p>\n

Has the Earth a Ring Around It?<\/em><\/strong> by Dr. Frank Gerald Back (1955)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"Vintage
FRIEND ZONE:<\/strong> One of the photos of Albert Einstein and Frank Back that appears in the latter\u2019s 1955 book, Has the Earth a Ring Around It?<\/em> Back captioned this and similar photos \u201cArguments with a Smile.\u201d (Scan courtesy of the University of Rochester Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This heartfelt ode to a pal is a must-read for any Albert Einstein enthusiast.<\/p>\n

Author Frank Back, an optical engineer known as the \u201cFather of the Zoom Lens\u201d<\/a> for his creation of a zoom lens widely used in television and film, dedicated this book to his close friend Einstein, who had helped arrange for Back to \u201cchase\u201d and photograph a total solar eclipse from aboard a military jet in 1955.<\/p>\n

Back had intended to tell Einstein all about his journey upon his return, but Einstein died just as Back had embarked for The Philippines to catch the aircraft that was to shadow the eclipse.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis book is a factual report which shall be printed instead of being told to Albert Einstein,\u201d Back wrote in the introduction. \u201cIt all started in Minneapolis on July 30, 1954 5:08 A.M., with a total eclipse of the sun of no scientific significance.\u201d<\/p>\n

The book is illustrated with photographs of Back and Einstein, lending an intimacy to the relationship that Back\u2019s words alone don\u2019t capture.<\/p>\n

Solar Eclipse Photography for the Amateur<\/em><\/strong> by Eastman Kodak Co. (1959)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"Front
KODAK MEMENTO:<\/strong> This slim pamphlet gave advice to many a mid-century shutterbug about the how-to\u2019s of eclipse photography. (University of Rochester image \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The total solar eclipse covering parts of the United States on April 8 is an opportunity for amateur and professional photographers alike to capture a celestial phenomenon.<\/p>\n

Lots of websites offer advice on snapping a picture of the eclipse, with perhaps the most reliable among them being the American Astronomical Society\u2019s extensive guide to photographing the event with a standard camera or smartphone<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But before the internet and smartphones, there was this handy six-page booklet published by the Eastman Kodak Company of Rochester. The booklet was once ubiquitous, but it wasn\u2019t built to last and went out of print years ago, making intact copies hard to come by nowadays.<\/p>\n

\"An
DOUBLE EXPOSURE:<\/strong> One-third of the six-page booklet is dedicated to information about exposure, or the amount of light that passes through the camera lens and reaches the film over a period of time. (University of Rochester image \/ Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Perusing this little number, with its table of exposure times, is a rare chance to glimpse how previous generations of shutterbugs learned to make images of eclipses properly and safely.<\/p>\n

The booklet was gifted to the University of Rochester by the late Charles Carlton<\/a>, a longtime University professor of French and Romantic linguistics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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