{"id":659362,"date":"2025-07-11T13:39:28","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T17:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=659362"},"modified":"2025-11-19T15:25:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T20:25:43","slug":"what-are-intraocular-lenses-iol-cataract-surgery-vision-correction-659362","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-are-intraocular-lenses-iol-cataract-surgery-vision-correction-659362\/","title":{"rendered":"What are intraocular lenses? And how can they restore sight for patients with cataracts?"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New technology is quickly improving the world\u2019s most common form of eye surgery.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1242,"featured_media":659712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[42,18632,18652,18572,41882],"class_list":["post-659362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-alumni","tag-hajim-school-of-engineering-and-applied-sciences","tag-institute-of-optics","tag-research-finding","tag-susana-marcos"],"acf":{"external":"","hide_featured_image":false,"related":"show_related","style":[341072,436952,472552],"content_modules":[{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-15","title":"

New technology is quickly improving the world\u2019s most common form of eye surgery.<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Each year, more than 30 million people globally receive surgery to correct cataracts. As many people age, the crystalline lenses in their eyes become cloudy and obstruct their vision, but a simple and safe form of surgery where the crystalline lens is replaced with an artificial lens\u2014known as an intraocular lens\u2014can restore clarity and lead to a vast improvement in quality of life.\r\n\r\nRecent advancements in optics, ophthalmology, artificial intelligence, and biomedical engineering have led to rapid improvements in the types of intraocular lenses available and the methods patients and their doctors use to select the right fit. Susana Marcos<\/a>, the David R. Williams Director of the\u00a0Center for Visual Science<\/a>, the Nicholas George Professor in\u00a0Optics<\/a>, and a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Rochester<\/a>,\u00a0served as the lead guest editor of a special issue of the journals of Biomedical Optics Express<\/em><\/a> and Optics Express <\/em>(published by Optica Publishing Group) that explores the state of the technology.\r\n

Why do people need intraocular lenses?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nWhen people turn about 45 years old, their crystalline lenses typically lose the ability to accommodate, or adjust, between looking at near and far objects. Further into the aging process, crystalline lenses develop cataracts and become opaque, leading to blurry vision.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe first intraocular lenses were intended to remove this opacity,\u201d says Marcos. \u201cNow, not only do they restore the transparency, but the appropriate lens selection allows to optimally project focus on the retina, so it\u2019s also a refractive procedure. Furthermore, some lens designs also give functional vision at near distances, so that patients may not need glasses to compensate their refractive errors and presbyopia.\u201d\r\n\r\nAs a result, some patients now opt to have intraocular lens surgery earlier in life even before cataracts develop to correct their eyes\u2019 loss of abilities to accommodate. Intraocular lenses have evolved to mimic some of the properties of the natural human lens. For example, Marcos says that in the young eye, both the cornea and the crystalline lens have imperfections that balance out one another, and now more advanced monofocal intraocular lenses can balance the aberrations in the cornea.","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"media_text_new","anchor":"","class":"","overline":"","title":"","content":"Merged image of the anterior segment of the eye pre-op (orange and post-cataract surgery with implanted intraocular lens (green). Data from Marcos et al.\u00a0Ophthalmology<\/em> (2014).","cta":"","bg":"#ffffff","type":"video","image":"","embed":"","video":659882,"layout":"above","animation":"animation-false"},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-0 mbt-0","title":"

How is an intraocular lens implanted?<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"When a person is diagnosed with a cataract and a doctor determines the crystalline lens needs to be replaced, a surgeon will take noninvasive biometric measurements to determine features such as the length of the eye and the curvature of the cornea. The surgeon will have a conversation with the patient about the right type of lens and use formulas to determine characteristics such as the power of the lens.\r\n\r\nDuring surgery, a small 2- to 3-millimeter incision is made in the eye, the crystalline lens is broken into pieces and removed, and a folded up intraocular lens is inserted and released, unfolding into place.\r\n\r\n\u201cThese days, there are no sutures, and truly a patient can see clearly again just minutes after the surgery,\u201d says Marcos.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_659802\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"2000\"]\"An A CLOSER LOOK:<\/strong> Ophthalmologist Janice Lee and resident Greg Sanda implant an intraocular lens (IOL) in the eye of a cataract patient at University of Rochester\u2019s Flaum Eye Institute. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)[\/caption]","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-0 mt-0","title":"

What are the different types of intraocular lenses?<\/h3>","content":"\u201cThere\u2019s a large variety of designs that aim at first to try to restore transparency and second, to produce the best optical quality possible, at least for distance vision,\u201d says Marcos.\r\n\r\nIntraocular lenses essentially fall into two categories: monofocal lenses and presbyopia-correcting lenses.\r\n\r\nMonofocal intraocular lenses have a fixed focus for one distance at a near, mid, or far range. Most commonly, monofocal intraocular lenses are designed to help the eyes focus on distant objects, and patients can then use reading glasses to see up close.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_659842\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"420\"]\"An IN FOCUS:<\/strong> The complexity of intraocular lens designs is rapidly evolving, according to Marcos. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPresbyopia-correcting lenses, by contrast, are designed to work at multiple distances, correcting the refractive error that causes a decline in up-close vision. Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses can have multifocal or extended depth-of-focus designs.\r\n\r\nMultifocal intraocular lenses, with designs mimicking the Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses, have two or more focal points. Extended depth-of-focus designs provide an elongated focal point, allowing the eye to focus on multiple distances. But Marcos notes that the presbyopia-correcting lenses have their downsides.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe drawback of these lenses is that they split the energy in more than one focus, so that the image from afar is not as crisp as you have with a monofocal lens,\u201d she says. \u201cYou gain at near range, but you lose contrast, you lose a little bit of quality at far range.\u201d\r\n\r\nBoth monofocal and presbyopia-correcting lenses can have a toric design\u2014instead of the typically spherical shape of a lens, it is shaped like a slice of a doughnut\u2014which corrects astigmatism of the cornea.","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-0 mt-0","title":"

What innovations are emerging in intraocular lens technology?<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"Marcos says the complexity of intraocular lens designs is rapidly evolving, as are simulations to test new designs and identify the right fit for patients.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe advanced quantification of three-dimensional geometry using high resolution imaging techniques like anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and the creation of custom models based on eye powered by artificial intelligence have put us in a different paradigm of selecting the intraocular lenses,\u201d says Marcos. She says these simulation techniques are a boon to manufacturers, who can test different iterations of designs more quickly.\r\n\r\n\u201cMany are advocating for the use of digital twin eyes, or simulations that are very accurate to help select the best lens to be implanted, but also for accurate predictions of optical outcomes, helping for example to reduce the number of patients for a clinical trial,\u201d says Marcos. \u201cIf you can accelerate the clinical trial, making it less costly or requiring fewer patients, and if the regulatory bodies accept these simulations as part of the evidence gathering process, it will be very helpful in bringing new products to the market.\u201d\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_659822\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1000\"]\"A SEEING IS BELIEVING:<\/strong> A patient (left) using a SimVis Gekko headset to understand the effects of an intraocular lens implant through simulations. (Photo courtesy of 2EyesVision)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nBut patients and surgeons can be understandably wary of becoming early adopters of technology when vision has such a profound impact on people\u2019s everyday lives. To help address this apprehension, Marcos\u2019s team has developed visual simulators, which use adaptive optics (a technique borrowed from telescope) and tunable lenses to give patients the experience of vision through different intraocular lenses. Marcos helped develop a commercial headset version of the instrumentation called SimVis Gekko that allows patients to see the world around them as if they had the surgery.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe see this as a way to reassure the patient and the surgeon, but also as a way to increase dissemination of these really well-designed lenses,\u201d says Marcos. \u201cIt's unknown how they will work if a patient doesn't try them first, and you cannot do that with an intraocular lens the same way you would with a pair of glasses.\u201d","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-0 mt-0","title":"

How Rochester is driving innovation in intraocular lenses<\/strong><\/h3>","content":"Faculty, students, and alumni from the University of Rochester\u2019s Institute of Optics, Center for Visual Science, and Flaum Eye Institute have led advancements in intraocular lenses for decades. For example, Marcos and her colleagues dedicated the special issue of Biomedical Optics Express<\/em> and Optics Express<\/em> to the late Jim Schwiegerling \u201990, \u201991 (MS), an optics alumnus who pioneered a trifocal intraocular lens design commercialized by Alcon that had been implanted in more than one million eyes by 2022.\r\n\r\nIn addition to her work developing visual simulations for evaluating intraocular lenses, Marcos has led numerous innovations in lens design and AI applications. Together with David Fernandez, a research engineer at the Center for Visual Science, they invented Isofocal technology that created the Isopure extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens that was licensed to PhysIOL\/BVI and has been in implanted in thousands of patients across dozens of countries. Marcos\u2019 team, in collaboration with researchers the Flaum Eye Institute and Goergen Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, have also developed novel strategies for predicting the intraocular lens position after surgery, which is key to selecting the lens with the best refractive outcomes.","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"media_text","anchor":"","css_class":"","leadin":"","title":"

Research to improve intraocular lenses<\/h3>","subtitle":"","description":"A special issue, \u201cImproving Vision through Intraocular Lenses: A tribute to Jim Schwiegerling,\u201d published by the Optica Publishing Group collects 20 papers with recent research on how to make artificial lenses for cataract surgery work better, including two review papers coauthored by Rochester researcher Susana Marcos. Discover how she and her fellow scientists are using advanced optical tools and new paradigms to improve vision.","call_to_action":{"title":"Access the issue","url":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-16-4-1707&id=569698","target":""},"image":658942,"video":"","layout":"layout_right","background_color":"#f4f4f4"},{"acf_fc_layout":"card_grid","anchor":"","css_class":"","title":"","description":"","background_color":"#FFFFFF","width":"width-medium","columns":"1","cards":[{"card_title":"

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Give Now<\/a> \u00a0Learn More<\/a><\/p>","background_color":"#ffc70a","width":"width-medium"}]},"yoast_head":"\nWhat are intraocular lenses? And how can they restore sight for patients with cataracts?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New technology using intraocular lenses is quickly improving the world\u2019s most common form of eye surgery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/what-are-intraocular-lenses-iol-cataract-surgery-vision-correction-659362\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are intraocular lenses? 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