{"id":676652,"date":"2025-11-05T13:19:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T18:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=676652"},"modified":"2025-11-18T16:43:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T21:43:33","slug":"analytical-kayaks-floating-laboratories-genesee-river-erie-canal-676652","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/analytical-kayaks-floating-laboratories-genesee-river-erie-canal-676652\/","title":{"rendered":"Souped-up kayaks become \u2018floating laboratories\u2019 on the Genesee River"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>URochester researchers use specially designed kayaks to collect real-time data on methane and carbon dioxide emissions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1492,"featured_media":676712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[18852,20252,16072],"class_list":["post-676652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-community","tag-department-of-earth-and-environmental-sciences","tag-john-kessler","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":{"external":"","hide_featured_image":true,"related":"show_related","style":[537792,536322,658352],"content_modules":[{"acf_fc_layout":"media_text_new","anchor":"","class":"mt-0 pt-0","overline":"","title":"","content":"","cta":"","bg":"#ffffff","type":"video","image":"","embed":"","video":676782,"layout":"above","animation":"animation-false"},{"acf_fc_layout":"text","anchor":"","css_class":"pt-0 mt-0","title":"<h2><strong>URochester researchers use specially designed kayaks to collect real-time data on methane and carbon dioxide emissions.<\/strong><\/h2>","content":"Equipped with sensors and scientific instruments, specially designed kayaks are serving as floating laboratories for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/laszlo-krasznahorkai-nobel-prize-literature-translation-672292\/\">University of Rochester<\/a> researchers and PhD students studying the Genesee River and Erie Canal.\r\n\r\nOne location where this work is taking place is where the two waterways converge in Genesee Valley Park, just south of the University\u2019s River Campus\u2014an intersection that illustrates what happens when nature meets human innovation. The merging of the natural river with the engineered canal causes a shift in the physical and chemical properties of both systems, disrupting their stable states. Using their enhanced kayaks, URochester researchers are studying how these shifts impact the production and emission of greenhouse gases from the water.\r\n<div class=\"pullquote\"><span style=\"font-size: 400%;\">\u201c<\/span>Leaving rivers out of global greenhouse gas models \u2026 means scientists are not getting the best possible information on which to base global climate predictions.\u201d<\/div>\r\nKatherine \u201cKatie\u201d Gregory, a PhD candidate in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/index.html\">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a>, and Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/people\/faculty\/kessler_john\/index.html\">John Kessler<\/a>\u00a0have been conducting kayak-based research on the river to gather measurements of three dissolved gases\u2014methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen\u2014as well as a host of other atmospheric and river properties. Methane and carbon dioxide are major greenhouse gases and the current focus of their river study.\r\n\r\n\u201cRiver environments have higher concentrations of these gases than the surrounding air, making them natural\u2014or in the case of the canal, constructed\u2014sources of these gases to the atmosphere,\u201d says Gregory. \u201cThis contributes to the greenhouse effect, which causes Earth\u2019s surface to warm.\u201d\r\n<h3><strong>What we can learn from dissolved gases <\/strong><\/h3>\r\nDetermining methane and carbon dioxide emissions from natural sources such as rivers helps to better constrain the magnitude of human sources such as agriculture. The net result is to improve our understanding of how greenhouse gas emissions from rivers might change in a warmer world.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt is known that rivers are a strong natural emitter of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere,\u201d Kessler says. \u201cBut because rivers are so heterogeneous and traditional measurement techniques don\u2019t capture that heterogeneity, the magnitude of these emissions are currently highly uncertain.\u201d\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_676742\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"2000\"]<img class=\"wp-image-676742 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/fea-analytical-kayaks-2025-07-14_Kessler_river_1019.jpg\" alt=\"Katherine Gregory and John Kessler in specially outfitted kayaks collect and measure samples of water from the Genesee River and Erie Canal.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" \/> <strong>LIVING LABORATORY:<\/strong> Gregory (left), Kessler, and their research group have teamed up with the University\u2019s Warner School of Education to show STEM teachers across the region how to incorporate \u201cfloating laboratory\u201d technology into their own classrooms.\u00a0(University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nStudying Earth\u2019s climate and understanding the dynamics of greenhouse gases across the entire planet and throughout Earth\u2019s history are key focus areas of URochester\u2019s Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe research that Katie is leading for her dissertation is developing the foundation needed to enable a much more comprehensive understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics in river systems, and thus a much more certain understanding of their emissions,\u201d Kessler says.\r\n<h3><strong>Turning kayaks into research tools <\/strong><\/h3>\r\nTo study greenhouse gas dynamics, Gregory and Kessler use specially equipped analytical kayaks\u2014designed and developed at URochester and outfitted with atmospheric and aquatic sensors. The kayaks allow them to travel down the Genesee River and Erie Canal and gather continual measurements of dissolved gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.\r\n\r\n\u201cI am aware of very few groups that use kayaks as floating laboratories,\u201d says Kessler. \u201cAnd these other analytical kayaks measure far fewer variables, while being much more complicated to replicate. We specifically designed our analytical kayak with the intention that almost anyone\u2014from high schoolers to senior researchers\u2014can replicate it for their own educational experiences and scientific research.\u201d\r\n\r\nKessler, Gregory, and Madeline Every, another PhD student in their group, have teamed up with the University\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warner.rochester.edu\">Warner School of Education &amp; Human Development<\/a>\u00a0to educate STEM teachers across western New York on how to incorporate some of this technology into their own classrooms.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_676722\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"2000\"]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-676722\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/fea-analytical-kayaks-2025-07-14_Kessler_river_0815.jpg\" alt=\"A kayaker seen from behind on the Genesee River with the city of Rochester skyline. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" \/> <strong>SPILLOVER EFFECTS:<\/strong> Research on local waterways will enable a more comprehensive understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics in river systems generally. (University of Rochester photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)[\/caption]\r\n<h3><strong>Closing gaps in climate models <\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe traditional way of conducting research involving rivers means filling bottles with water and bringing them back to the lab for analysis, a process that limits researchers to single-point measurements rather than continual monitoring in river settings. The approach has caused river systems to be understudied when it comes to dissolved gas concentrations because the full geographic expanse cannot be measured.\r\n\r\n\u201cContinual measurements are almost never done in river settings, so there is not a lot of this data available for use in river and climate models, but our work is contributing significantly to that,\u201d says Gregory. \u201cThis is important because leaving rivers out of global greenhouse gas models due to lack of data or high uncertainty means scientists are not getting the best possible information on which to base global climate predictions.\u201d","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"width-medium"},{"acf_fc_layout":"card_grid_new","anchor":"","css_class":"","title":"","description":"","card_grid_cta":"","background_color":"#ffffff","width":"content-width","cards":[{"acf_fc_layout":"card","card_width":"full","card_overline":"research impact","card_title":"<h3>Bio-solutions<\/h3>","card_text":"We\u2019re 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