{"id":70592,"date":"2014-09-25T13:16:28","date_gmt":"2014-09-25T17:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=70592"},"modified":"2020-11-02T17:09:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T22:09:48","slug":"watch-rochester-cloak-uses-ordinary-lenses-to-hide-objects-across-continuous-range-of-angles-70592","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/watch-rochester-cloak-uses-ordinary-lenses-to-hide-objects-across-continuous-range-of-angles-70592\/","title":{"rendered":"Invisibility cloaking device hides objects across range of angles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Doctoral\u00a0student Joseph Choi is pictured with a a multidirectional `perfect paraxial&#8217; invisibility cloaking device using 4 lenses.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Inspired perhaps by Harry Potter\u2019s invisibility cloak, scientists have recently developed several ways\u2014some simple and some involving new technologies\u2014to hide objects from view. The latest effort, developed at the University of Rochester, not only overcomes some of the limitations of previous invisibility cloaking devices, but it uses inexpensive, readily available materials in a novel configuration.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-embed\">\n<div class=\"wp-embed-wrap\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Rochester Cloak\" width=\"1062\" height=\"597\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vtKBzwKfP8E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019ve been many high tech approaches to cloaking and the basic idea behind these is to take light and have it pass around something as if it isn\u2019t there, often using high-tech or exotic materials,\u201d said John Howell, a professor of physics at the University of Rochester. Forgoing the specialized components, Howell and graduate student Joseph Choi developed a combination of four standard lenses that keeps the object hidden as the viewer moves up to several degrees away from the optimal viewing position.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This is the first device that we know of that can do three-dimensional, continuously multidirectional cloaking, which works for transmitting rays in the visible spectrum,\u201d said Choi, a PhD student at Rochester\u2019s Institute of Optics.<\/p>\n<p>Many cloaking designs work fine when you look at an object straight on, but if you move your viewpoint even a little, the object becomes visible, explains Howell. Choi added that previous cloaking devices can also cause the background to shift drastically, making it obvious that the cloaking device is present.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/images\/cloak12frames-230px.gif\" alt=\"animated gif of hand moving behind cloaking lens\" width=\"230\" height=\"129\" \/>In order to both cloak an object and leave the background undisturbed, the researchers determined the lens type and power needed, as well as the precise distance to separate the four lenses. To test their device, they placed the cloaked object in front of a grid background. As they looked through the lenses and changed their viewing angle by moving from side to side, the grid shifted accordingly as if the cloaking device was not there. \u00a0There was no discontinuity in the grid lines behind the cloaked object, compared to the background, and the grid sizes (magnification) matched.<\/p>\n<p>The Rochester Cloak can be scaled up as large as the size of the lenses, allowing fairly large objects to be cloaked. And, unlike some other devices, it\u2019s broadband so it works for the whole visible spectrum of light, rather than only for specific frequencies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70642\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70642\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70642 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-09-11-howell-cloaking-164-crop-630x420.jpg\" alt=\"2014-09-11_howell_cloaking_164_crop\" width=\"630\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-09-11-howell-cloaking-164-crop-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-09-11-howell-cloaking-164-crop-1024x682.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70642\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A multidirectional `perfect paraxial&#8217; cloak using four\u00a0lenses. From\u00a0a continuous range of viewing angles, the hand remains cloaked, and the grids seen through the device match the background on the wall (about 2 m away), in color, spacing, shifts, and magnification. \/\/ photo by J. Adam Fenster \/ University of Rochester<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Their simple configuration improves on other cloaking devices, but it\u2019s not perfect. \u201cThis cloak bends light and sends it through the center of the device, so the on-axis region cannot be blocked or cloaked,\u201d said Choi. This means that the cloaked region is shaped like a doughnut. He added that they have slightly more complicated designs that solve the problem.\u00a0 Also, the cloak has edge effects, but these can be reduced when sufficiently large lenses are used.<\/p>\n<p>In a new paper submitted to the journal <em>Optics Express <\/em>and <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1409.4705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">available on arXiv.org<\/a>\u00a0[UPDATE 11\/19\/2014: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opticsinfobase.org\/oe\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-22-24-29465%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The paper has now been published in <em>Optics Express<\/em><\/a>], Howell and Choi provide a mathematical formalism for this type of cloaking that can work for angles up to 15 degrees, or more.\u00a0 They use a technique called ABCD matrices that describes how light bends when going through lenses, mirrors, or other optical elements.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70652\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70652\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70652 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-03-07-howell-cloaking-200-crop-630x228.jpg\" alt=\"2014-03-07_howell_cloaking_200_crop\" width=\"630\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-03-07-howell-cloaking-200-crop-630x228.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/2014-03-07-howell-cloaking-200-crop-1024x371.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Setup of the multidirectional `perfect paraxial&#8217; cloak as seen from the side. Laser shows the paths that light rays travel through the system, showing regions that can be used for cloaking an object. \/\/ photo by J. Adam Fenster \/ University of Rochester<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While their device is not quite like Harry Potter\u2019s invisibility cloak, Howell had some thoughts about potential applications, including using cloaking to effectively let a surgeon \u201clook through his hands to what he is actually operating on,\u201d he said. The same principles could be applied to a truck to allow drivers to see through blind spots on their vehicles.<\/p>\n<p>Howell became interested in creating simple cloaking devices with off-the-shelf materials while working on a holiday project with his children. Together with his 14 year-old son and Choi, he recently <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opticsinfobase.org\/ao\/fulltext.cfm?uri=ao-53-9-1958&amp;id=281980\">published a paper about some of the possibilities<\/a>, and also demonstrated simple cloaking with mirrors, like magicians would use, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oJb9RnAVDuE\">in a brief video<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>To build your own Rochester Cloak, follow these simple steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70602\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70602\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70602 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/lens-diagram-630x290.jpg\" alt=\"lens diagram\" width=\"630\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/lens-diagram-630x290.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/lens-diagram-315x145.jpg 315w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/lens-diagram.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70602\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">For their demonstration cloak, the researchers used 50mm achromatic doublets with focal lengths f1 = 200mm and f2 = 75mm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol>\n<li>Purchase 2 sets of 2 lenses with different focal lengths <em>f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> (4 lenses total, 2 with <em>f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> focal length, and 2 with <em>f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> focal length)<\/li>\n<li>Separate the first 2 lenses by the sum of their focal lengths (So <em>f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> lens is the first lens, <em>f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> is the 2nd lens, and they are separated by <em>t<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>=<em> f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>+<em> f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>).<\/li>\n<li>Do the same in Step 2 for the other two lenses.<\/li>\n<li>Separate the two sets by <em>t<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>=2<em> f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> (<em>f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>+<em> f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>) \/ (<em>f<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\u2014<em> f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>) apart, so that the two <em>f<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> lenses are<em> t<\/em><sub>2 <\/sub>apart.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>NOTES:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Achromatic lenses provide best image quality.<\/li>\n<li>Fresnel lenses can be used to reduce the total length (2<em>t<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>+<em>t<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>Smaller total length should reduce edge effects and increase the range of angles.<\/li>\n<li>For an easier, but less ideal, cloak, you can try the 3 lens cloak in the paper.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>A patent has been filed for this cloaking device. Please <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/ventures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contact UR Ventures for additional information<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists have recently developed several ways\u2014some simple and some involving new technologies\u2014to hide objects from view. The latest effort, developed by physics professor John Howell and graduate student Joseph Choi, not only overcomes some limitations of previous devices, but uses inexpensive, readily available materials in a new way. &#8220;This is the first device that we know of that can do three-dimensional, continuously multidirectional cloaking,&#8221; said Choi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":522,"featured_media":70782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[18662,1306,26422,18572,16072],"class_list":["post-70592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-physics-and-astronomy","tag-optics","tag-patents","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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